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Community  Survey 


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Made  in 


Los  Angeles  City 


Commission  of;  Immigration  and  Housing 
of  California 

Underwood  Building,  525  Market  Street 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 


A  Community  Survey 


Made  in 


Los  Angeles  City 


44110 


Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing 
of  California 

Underwood  Building,  525  Market  Street 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 


PERSONNEL  OF  THE  COMMISSION. 


Commissioners. 

SIMON  J.   LUBIN,   President Sacramento 

MOST  REV.  E.  J.  HANNA,  D.D.,  Vice  President San  Francisco 

MRS.  FRANK  A.  GIBSON Los  Angeles 

J.  H.  McBRIDE,  M.D Pasadena 

PAUL  SCHARRENBERG,   Secretary San  Francisco 

GEORGE  L.  BELL,  Attorney  and  Executive  Officer. 

Offices  of  the  Commission. 

MAIN  OFFICE: 
Underwood  Building,  525  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 

BRANCH   OFFICES  : 

526  Union  League  Building,  Second  and  Hill  Streets,  Los  Angeles. 

Rowell  Building,  Fresno. 

419  Forum  Building,  Sacramento. 

Council  Chamber,  City  Hall,  Stockton. 


Publications  of  the  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing  of  California. 

1.  Americanization — The  California  Program. 

2.  Immigrant  Education  Leaflets,  Numbers  1,  2,  3,  and  4. 

3.  The  Spirit  of  the  Nation   (Song  Book). 

4.  Patriotic  Exercises  (A  Program). 

5.  The  Home  Teacher  Manual. 

6.  A  Discussion  of  Methods  of  Teaching  English. 

7.  A  Primer  for  Foreign-speaking  Women.    Parts  I  and  II. 

8.  An  A-B-C  of  Housing. 

9.  A  Plan  for  a  Housing  Survey. 

10.  State  Housing  Manual. 

11.  Camp  Sanitation  and  Housing. 

12.  Suggestions  for  Speakers.    ' 

13.  Heroes  of  Freedom. 

14.  Fresno's  Immigration  Problem. 

These  publications  may  be  had  free  on  application  to  the  Commission. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page 

HISTORY  OP  THE  SURVEY 5 

QUESTIONNAIRES  USED  IN   SURVEY 7 

DISTRICTS  FOR   SURVEY 12 

CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE  ELEVEN  FOREIGN  DISTRICTS 14 

LINCOLN  HIGH  SCHOOL  SURVEY - 15 

REPORTS: 

Director    of    Nursing    Bureau 17 

County    Charities    18 

Police  Department   19 

Probation  Department  of  Juvenile  Court " —  20 

Bureau  of  Housing  Commission  of  the  Health  Department 21 

Health  Department  of  the  Public  Schools 22 

Department   of   Compulsory   Education   and   Child   Welfare   of   the   Public 

Schools  22 

Assistant  Superintendents  of  Los  Angeles  City  Schools 23 

Chamber  of  Commerce 23 

The  Library 24 

Settlements   and    Day    Nurseries 26 

Missions     27 

Playgrounds 28 

Commercialized    Recreation    30 

Co-operation  of  Social  Agencies  During  Influenza  Epidemic 31 

RECOMMENDATIONS  FROM  THE  DISTRICTS 35 

FINAL  RECOMMENDATIONS   36 

TABLES     BASED    ON     STATISTICS    COMPILED    FROM    THE     QUESTION- 
NAIRES FILLED  IN  BY  THE   SCHOOL  TEACHERS—  37 


2—44110 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


To  His  Excellency,  WILLIAM  D.  STEPHENS, 
Governor  of  California. 

SIR:  The  following  report  is  a  compilation  of  a  community  survey 
of  Los  Angeles.  The  State  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing 
was  only  one  of  many  organizations  that  co-operated  to  do  the  work; 
and  its  principal  contribution  to  the  effort  has  been  the  tabulation  and 
publication  of  the  material. 

The  report  is  valuable  not  as  a  piece  of  original  research,  but  as  a 
splendid  beginning  toward  united  effort  in  the  solution  of  community 
problems.  Moreover,  it  shows  to  the  nonprofessional  worker  the 
various  agencies  and  the  fields  they  cover  in  Los  Angeles. 

Such  frank  discussion  should  be  of  service  locally  and  in  other  cities, 
in  producing  greater  confidence  and  renewed  support  for  those  who 
are  directly  in  the  field  carrying  out  the  wishes  of  all  the  members  of 
the  community. 

COMMISSION  OF  IMMIGRATION  AND  HOUSING  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  SURVEY. 

One  of  the  meetings  of  the  California  Library  Association,  held  in 
Hollywood,  June,  1917,  was  devoted  to  a  discussion  of  ways  and  means 
to  reach  the  foreign  born. 

This  discussion  suggested  to  the  librarian  of  the  city  of  Los  Angeles 
that  the  library  could  increase  its  influence  by  associating  itself  with 
all  the  other  agencies  in  the  city.  It  made  its  first  connection  with  the 
public  school. 

A  committee  was  appointed,  representing  the  public  library,  the 
public  schools  and  the  State  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing, 
and  other  important  agencies  which  come  in  direct  contact  with  the 
foreigner,  and  this  committee  decided  that  the  most  important  contri- 
bution it  could  make  would  be  a  study  of  the  neighborhoods  in  which 
the  foreigner  lived.  The  committee  agreed  that  the  best  way  to  make 
such  a  study  was  to  invite  the  aid  of  all  the  social  workers  in  the  city, 
believing  that  the  knowledge  gained  in  this  way  would  be  immediately 
put  to  use,  as  can  not  be  the  case  when  the  work  is  done  through  an 
outside  agency. 

The  head  of  the  children's  department  of  the  library  was  made 
chairman  of  the  committee.  It  seemed  logical  to  reach  the  social 
workers  through  their  organization,  "The  Social  Service  Association," 
but  it  was  never  possible  to  get  a  committee  meeting.  Failing  in  that 
attempt,  letters  were  sent  to  the  city  departments  of  charity,  health, 
housing,  probation,  police;  to  the  schools,  recreation  centers,  branch 
libraries,  playgrounds;  to  the  Allies  Committee,  Parent-Teachers'  Fed- 
eration, settlements,  missions,  clergymen,  day  nurseries,  the  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
clinics  and  individuals  interested  in  social  work. 

As  far  as  is  known  this  is  the  first  attempt  in  the  United  States  at  a 
co-operative  piece  of  work  by  all  the  social  agencies.  Had  there  never 
been  a  report  of  the  findings  of  the  survey — and  but  for  the  tenacity 
of  one  of  the  staff  of  the  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing  and 
the  chairman  of  the  committee,  there  would  never  have  been — just  the 
making  of  it  was  of  tremendous  value. 

There  was  the  arousing  to  the  danger  of  becoming  warped  in  a 
devotion  to  one  part  of  social  service;  there  was  the  enlarged  vision, 
the  sympathy  and  inspirational  glimpse  of  the  wonders  which  could  be 
accomplished  in  a  co-operation  of  big-minded  people  working  toward 
the  same  end — the  progress  of  the  world. 

As  is  shown  in  the  history  of  every  movement  which  involves  the 
concerted  action  of  many  people,  there  are  those  who  do  not  have  the 
big  vision ;  those  who  are  apathetic,  those  who  are  too  weary  when 
appointed  tasks  are  done  and  those  who  are  working  for  pay  in  the 


6  COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 

vain  belief  that  working  is  a  means  to  living  instead  of  the  amazing 
verity  that  working  is  living. 

However,  the  heads  of  all  the  departments  closely  in  touch  with  the 
foreign  population  responded  wonderfully.  Special  meetings  were  held 
with  their  staffs  at  which  representatives  of  the  Commission  of 
Immigration  and  Housing  or  the  library  spoke. 

There  were  meetings  to  which  nobody  came.  The  notices  had  all  been 
typed  and  sent  out.  The  speakers  had  been  asked  to  come.  Every 
preparation  had  been  made.  That  was  only  one  of  many  discouraging 
things  that  happened.  But  the  dauntless  ones  worked  on.  They  knew 
there  would  be  meetings  to  which  every  worker  in  the  district  would 
come;  and  there  were — meetings  which  were  satisfying  in  that  they 
swept  away  discouragement,  the  feeling  that  the  department  was  doing 
so  little,  and  inspirational  in  that  they  afforded  glimpses  of  what  could 
be  accomplished  by  combined  effort.  On  one  of  these  occasions  the  heads 
of  two  city  departments  were  introduced  to  each  other !  These  workers 
had  crossed  and  recrossed  each  other's  paths,  but  in  the  swirl  of  "so 
much  to  do"  and  "so  little  time  to  do  it  in"  they  had  never  met. 

Four  aims  were  to  be  achieved  by  this  co-operative  effort. 

(1)  To  discover  the  social  conditions  in  the  district  and  decide 

what  was  needed. 

(2)  To  pool  the  knowledge  of  all  the  workers,  much  of  which  had 

been  delved  from  original  sources,  so  that  it  would  not  be 
necessary  for  those  following  to  go  over  the  same  difficult 
ground. 

(3)  To  discover  where  greater  service  could  be  rendered  and  the 

best  places  for  expansion. 

(4)  To  make  a  nationality  map. 

The  promoters  .of  the  survey  were  firm  in  the  belief  that  if  such  a 
group  would  determine  the  needs  of  the  district,  and  then  unite  to 
meet  those  needs,  they  could  demand  anything — and  get  it. 

The  library  agreed  to  make  the  nationality  map.  It  is  now  finished 
and  is  a  splendid  graphic  representation  of  the  population  in  the  dis- 
trict. The  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing  agreed  to  make 
the  tabulations,  analyze  the  figures,  write  the  report  and  print  it. 

The  portion  of  the  city  to  be  covered  by  the  survey  was  divided  into 
eleven  districts  with  an  attempt  to  make  the  districts  homogeneous  as 
to  residents.  It  was  finally  decided  to  use  school  boundaries  although 
the  arbitrary  districts  for  purposes  of  this  survey  included  several 
school  districts. 

The  history  of  the  survey  is  the  history  of  an  incredible  amount  of 
work,  a  voluminous  correspondence,  an  amazing  number  of  visits  and 


COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  7 

interviews,  days  of  tabulation  and  innumerable  telephone  calls.  More 
than  150  people  attended  executive  meetings,  and  at  least  200  teachers 
worked  in  filling  out  the  questionnaires,  so  that  the  completed  survey 
was  a  co-operative  effort  representing  more  than  350  persons. 

For  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  Los  Angeles,  school  teachers  were 
classed  as  social  workers.  This  is  epochal,  for  it  marks  the  passing  of 
the  Medieval  Age  idea  of  education,  actualized  in  the  academic  school. 

The  following  questionnaires,  arranged  by  a  committee  appointed 
for  that  purpose,  were  used  in  the  survey. 

They  were  constructed  in  collaboration  with  the  agencies  and  aimed 
to  discover  the  information  each  particular  agency  could  best  extract. 


Agencies  that  should  be  consulted  in  every  neighborhood. 

1.  Charities  visitor. 

2.  City  nurse. 

3.  School  nurse. 

4.  Housing  inspector. 

5.  Probation  officer. 

6.  Missions. 

7.  Priests — ministers. 

•S.  School  (principal,  interested  teacher). 

Public. 

Parochial. 
9.  Playground. 

10.  Libraries. 

11.  Day  nurseries. 

12.  (a)    Superintendent  of  factories. 

(b)  Foremen  of  railroad  camps. 

(c)  Employers  of  numbers  of  foreigners. 

13.  Settlements  and  clinics. 

14.  Consuls. 

15.  Editors. 

16.  Police. 

II. 

Name  of  industry Address 

Number  employed Foreign  boru Native  born. 

Men 

Women 


Number  of  employes  who  do  not  speak  English 

Do  employes  live  in  vicinity  of  industry? 

Wages:     Maximum Minimum Average- 
Is  work  seasonal? If  so,  what  is  the  season? 

Number  employed  at  height  of  season In  dull  season. 

TIow   many   unskilled   workers   wanted   at   present? 


3— M110 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


*  Address    

How  many  adults? Children? 

One  family  dwelling 

Multiple  dwelling,  tenement,  or  rooming  house 

How  many  families  or  single  men 

Own  or  rent  home Number  of  rooms of  occupants 

Nationality Colored 

How  long  in  America Naturalized 

Occupation    

Present  employment Regularly  employed 

Night  school  experience Present past 

Read Write Use  public  library 

Books  desired 

Native English 

Musical  possibilities Vocal Instruments 

Favorite  recreation Adults Children 

Recreational    opportunities    

Attend  foreign  clubs  or  churches 

Remarks 

NOTE. — It  is  not  supposed  that  any  person  will  use  the  above  form  in  the  presence 
of  the  one  interviewed.  It  is  hoped,  however,  that  after  conversation  with  the  person 
sufficient  information  shall  have  been  gained  to  answer  most  of  the  questions. 

•The  above  questionnaire  proved  full  of  difficulties  and  a  better  form  1ms  be>-n  pre- 
pared as  a  result  of  this  experience. 

IV. 
Housing   Inspectors. 

What   information   have  you   easily    available   in   your   records   on   the    following 
subjects : 
Total  number  of  rooming  houses  in  this  district — 

(a)   For  single  men  or  women (&)    For  families 

Total  number  of  tenements 

Total  number  of  violations  of  tenement  house  laws  during  1917 

Number  of  violations  in  houses 

Owned  by  Llvi-.i 

Foreign  born 

Native  born  _ 


For  all  cases  where  there  is  no  child  of  school  age  in  the  family  could  you  fill  out 
the  enclosed  questionnaire? 

V. 

Police   Officers. 

Arrests  in  District   in   I'.'ir. 
Nationality.  Charee. 


COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING. 

VI. 

Probation   Officers. 

What    information   have   you   easily   available   in   your   records   on   the   following 
subjects  : 

1.  Number  of  delinquent  and  dependent  children  in  the  district  under  considera- 

tion during  1917. 

2.  Number  of  delinquents  and  dependents  not  of  school  age. 

3.  Could  you  fill  out  the  enclosed  questionnaire  for  the  families  where  there  is 

no  child  of  school  age? 

4.  Make  a  list  of  the  amusements  in  the  district,  giving  the  following  information 

about  each  : 
(«)  Location. 
(6)  Class — commercial. 

public, 
(c)    Patronage — adults. 

children, 
(rf)   Character — wholesome. 

detrimental. 

(e)    Is  the  number  adequate  to  the  total  population?     What  suggestions  can. 
be  made? 

VII. 
County  Charity   Visitors. 

What    information    have   you    easily   available   in   your   records   on    the    following 
subects : 

1.  Total  number  of  active  cases  in  the  district  under  consideration  during  1917. 

2.  Number  of  families  in  which  there  is  no  child  of  school  age. 

3.  Could  you  fill  out  the  enclosed  questionnaire  for  the  families  where  there  is 

no  child  of  school  age? 

4.  Make  a  list  of  the  industries  in  the  district  giving  the  following  information 

about  each : 

Number  employed — men 

women    

Number  of  foreign  born 

Is  work  seasonal? 

If  so.  what  is  the  season? 

Do   employes   live   in   vicinity   of  industry?     If  not.   at  what  industries  do   the 
residents  of  the  district  work? 

Wages:  Maximum Minimum Average 

~>.  Could  you  estimate  the  per  cent  of  men  in  the  district  who  are  unemployed? 

Skilled 

Unskilled . 

What  per  cent  of  those  are  unemployable? 

VIII. 

City  Nurses. 

What    information   have   you   easily    available   in   your   records   on   the    following 
subjects : 

1.  Number  of  individual  cases  during  1917. 

2.  Number  in  which  there  is  no  child  of  school  age  in  family. 

3.  Could  you  fill  out  the  enclosed  questionnaire  for  the  families  where  there  is 

no  child  of  school  age? 

4.  What  per  cent  of  all  cases  are  foreign  born? 


10  COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 

5.  Number  of  cases  in  which  illness  is  caused  by  the  following 

(a)   Ignorance  of  mother 

(6)   Wage  earning  mother  

(c)  Malnutrition 

(d)  Unsanitary  living  conditions 

(c)   Contagion  or  infection 


IX. 

Playgrounds. 


Name   

Location 

Total  attendance  1917  _„ 
Nationality  and  number 


Activities  and  number  participating 


Number  of  school  children 

Clubs  for  boys  over  14 

Clubs  for  girls  over  14 

Evening  parties 

Sunday  activities  and  number  participating 


Swimming   

Special  holiday  celebrations 


Music  : 

1.  Orchestra    

2.  Community    singing 


Make  list  of  the  amusements  in  the  district,  giving  the  following  information  about 
each  : 

(a)   Location. 

(Z>)   Class — commercial 

public 

(c)  Patronage — adults 

children 

(d)  Character — wholesome 

detrimental 

(e)  Is  the  number  adequate  to  the  total  population?    What  suggestions  can  be 
made? 

X. 

Day   Nurseries. 

1.  What  information  have  you  easily  available  in  your  records  on  the  following 
subjects : 

Total  number  individual  children 

Nationality    


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING.                              11 
Occupation  of  mothers 

Kate  per  child 

-.  What  are  the  restrictions,  if  any,  as  to  race  or  nationality? 


3.  Could   you   fill   out   the  enclosed  questionnaire   for   families   where  there   is   no 
child  of  school  age? 


XI. 

Settlements. 

Please   make   a   list   of   all   your  activities,   giving   the   total   attendance,    average 
attendance  at  clubs,  classes,  etc.,  and  the  nationalities  represented. 


XII. 

Churches  and   Missions. 


Name  of  mission 

Auspices 

Address    - 


1.  Relief:  Activities. 

Food    

Clothes    

Money   


2.  Social : 

Recreation    

Gymnasium    

Games   

Entertainments    

Visiting  in  neighborhood 

3.  Educational : 

(«)   Bible  classes 

(6)    English 

(c)  Sewing  

(d)  Cooking    

(c)     


(g)    

4.  Religious  services  : 

(o)    

(b) 

(c)   - 


]2  COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS    ANGELES. 

Districts  for  Survey. 
No.  1. 

West :  Lake  Shore  avenue. 
North  :  Park  Terrace. 

East :  Cleveland,  Adobe,  Hill  and  Sunset  boulevard. 
South :  Third  to  Figueroa,  Temple  to  Main. 
Schools : 
Temple. 
Fremont. 
Alpine. 
California. 
Central  Intermediate. 

No.  2. 

North  :   Including  Palo  Verde  in  Elysian  Park. 
West :  Cleveland,  Adobe  and  Hill. 
East :  River  to  Humboldt  street. 
South  :  North  Main  and  Alhambra. 
Schools : 
Castelar. 
Palo  Verde. 
Ann. 

No.  3. 

West :  River. 
North :  Humboldt  avenue. 

East :  Avenue  22  to  Broadway,  Broadway  to  Grillin. 
South  :  Alhambra  avenue. 
Schools : 
Pasadena. 
Griffin. 
Albion. 

No.  4. 

North  :  Mission  road,  Pomeroy  and  Wabash  avenue. 
East :  City  limits. 
South  :  Brooklyn  avenue. 
Schools : 
Cornwell. 
Bridge. 

No.  5. 

West :  River. 
North  :  Brooklyn  avenue. 
East :  St.  Louis. 
South :  Fourth  street. 
Schools : 
Utah. 
Second. 

No.  6. 

West :  St.  Louis  street. 
North  :  Brooklyn  avenue. 
East :  City  Limits  and  Belvedere. 
South :  Fourth  street. 
Schools : 
Belvedere. 
First. 


COMMISSION    OF    IMMIGRATION*    AND    HOUSING.  13 

No.   7. 

Wrst  :    Riv.-r. 
North  :   Fourth  street. 
East :  Ezra  to  Hollenbeck,  to  Rosalind. 
South  :   Ninth  street. 
Schools  : 
Euclid. 

Boy  It-  Heights. 
I  Fostetter. 

No.  S. 

West :   San  Pedro  street. 
North  :   Sixth  street. 
East:  River. 
South :   Ninth. 
Schools  : 
Seventh. 
Ninth. 

No.  0. 

West  :   t.Vntral. 
North  :   Ninth  street. 
East :   River. 

South  :   Exposition  Boulevard   and  City   Limits. 
Schools  : 
Santa  Fe. 
Summon. 

No.  10. 

West :  Main. 
North  :  First. 
East :   River. 
South  :   Sixth. 
Schools  : 
Boyd. 
Hewitt. 

No.  11. 

Wfsr :  Main. 
North  :   Alhambra  road. 
East:   River. 
South  :  Fir.-;t. 
Schools : 
Amelia. 
Mucy. 

No.  12. 

*San  Pedro  Town. 


*The  twelfth  district  was  so  remote  that  it  had  t'o  be  given  up. 


14  COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   AXGELKS. 

OUTSTANDING   CHARACTERISTICS    OF    EACH    OF    THE 
ELEVEN    FOREIGN    DISTRICTS. 

District  No.  1.     Including   Temple,   Fremont,   Alpine   and   California 

streets  schools. 

In  the  first  district  are  to  be  found  many  small  tradesmen  and  a 
changing,  shifting  population.  There  are  great  numbers  of  the  poorer 
class  of  Jews. 

District  No.  2.     Including  Castelar,  Palo  Verde  and  Ann  streets  schools. 

In  the  second  district  there  are  principally  Mexicans  and  Italians. 
The  Palo  Verde  neighborhood  is  entirely  isolated  by  hills  from  the 
rest  of  the  city.  Here,  after  a  summer  of  primitive  freedom,  the 
children's  minds  have  to  be  reclaimed  from  the  desert  waste  to  at 
least  a  sluggish  interest  in  education. 

In  the  Ann  street  district,  situated  among  the  tracks,  there  is 
poverty  and  the  resulting  disease  to  be  expected  among  the  Mexicans 
and  Italians.  A  survey  has  been  made  of  this  district  by  the  students 
of  the  University  of  Southern  California. 

District  No.  3.     Including  Pasadena  avenue,  Griffin  and  Albion  streets 

schools. 

There  are  many  Italians  and  the  poorer  class  of  Americans  who  work 
in  the  car  shops  to  be  found  in  this  neighborhood.  Here  it  is  that  the 
Lincoln  High  School  has  made  an  industrial  and  social  survey,  which 
includes  this  locality. 

District  No.  4.     Including  Cornwell  and  Bridge  streets  schools. 

There  are  many  nationalities  here,  the  outstanding  one  being  the 
Russian  Jews,  who  are  rapidty  buying  their  homes  and  crowding  out 
the  Americans. 

District  No.  5.     Including  Utah  and  Second  streets  schools. 

This  seems  to  be  almost  the  heart  of  the  foreign  districts.  Again 
there  are  to  be  found  a  dozen  or  more  nationalities,  among  them  an 
Armenian  colony,  whose  children  go  to  the  Second  street  school.  The 
Russians  and  Mexicans  are  to  be  found  at  Utah  street. 

District  No.  6.     Including  Belvedere  and  First  streets  schools. 

In  Belvedere  we  find  principally  Mexicans  who  live  in  miserable 
quarters.  At  East  First  street  are  many  negroes  and  Russian  Jews. 

District  No.  7.     Including  Euclid  avenue,  Boyle  Heights  Intermediate 

and  Hostetter  street  schools. 

This  district  has  two  isolated  foreign  colonies.  In  the  one  live 
Mexicans  who  own  their  own  homes,  but  who  live  very  much  to  them- 


COMMISSION    OP    IMMIGRATION    AXD    HOUSING.  15 

selves  and  where  no  English  is  heard  except  in  the  schoolroom.  In  the 
other  section,  down  in  the  hollow,  live  a  hundred  or  so  Russian  Molokans 
where,  because  of  religious  convictions,  it  is  difficult  to  penetrate. 

District  Xo.  8.     Including  Seventh  and  Ninth  streets  schools. 

This  is  niie  of  the  most  difficult  districts  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
social  worker  in  all  Los  Angeles.  It  contains  every  nationality,  the 
Mexicans  and  Italians  predominating,  and  has  the  added  complication 
of  large  numbers  of  Americans  of  the  lowrest  class  economically,  as 
well  as  a  great  many  negroes. 

District  Xo.  9.     Including  Santa  Fe  avenue  and  Staunton  street  schools. 
There  are  many  negroes  to  be  found,  in  addition  to  Mexicans  and 
Italians. 

Districts  Xos.  10  and  11.     Including  Boyd,  Hewitt,  Amelia  and  Macy 

streets  schools. 

This  is  the  most  cosmopolitan  district  of  Los  Angeles.  There  are 
very  few  Americans.  At  one  time  in  the  Macy  street  school  there  was 
not  a  single  child  of  American  parentage.  All  the  evils  of  a  foreign 
quarter  characterize  this  part  of  the  city.  It  includes  Chinatown  with 
the  usual  vices  of  that  nationality.  It  includes  the  largest  Japanese 
colony,  and  everywhere  there  is  bad  housing,  frightful  overcrowding, 
congestion  of  peoples  in  houses  and  of  houses  on  lots.  Nothing  except 
the  social  agencies,  including  the  schools,  bring  any  American  influence 
to  this  neighborhood.  Except  for  them,  we  show  these  people 
Americanization  at  its  very  worst. 

LINCOLN  HIGH  SCHOOL  SURVEY. 

The  sociology  classes  at  Lincoln  High  School  made  in  1916  a  survey 
of  almost  identically  the  same  district  covered  by  this  Community 
Survey. 

Had  there  been  a  close  co-operation,  the  duplication  of  work  need 
not  have  occurred. 

Summary. 

1.  Churches 46 

2.  Clubs   and   organizations 105 

3.  Historical  places 26 

4.  Hospitals 10 

H.  Industries   (employ  50  or  more) 72 

<>.  Libraries    (city,  school,  private) 14 

7.  Miscellaneous  (ostrich  farm,  post  office,  etc.) ]H 

N.  Nationalities    17 

0.  Parks 7 

10.  Penal  institutions ."> 

11.  Playgrounds   7 

12.  Publications    8 

13.  Schools    54 

Day    42 

Night 12 

14.  Social  agencies 58 

4—44110 


16  COMMUNITY    SURVEY    OF   LOS    AXGKLES. 

Recommendations. 

1.  Improvement  of  transportation. 

2.  Industrial   high   school   needed. 

3.  Field  worker  needed. 

Since  the  people  of  the  district  are  of  moderate  means  and  more  than  one-half 
of  foreign  birth,  there  should  be  organized  in  the  school  a  close  "wake  up"  and 
"follow  up"  system. 

One  teacher  should  devote  at  least  part  of  her  time  to  field  work  :  of  directing 
toward  the  school  those  ready  to  enter;  following  up  the  pupils  who  leave  school 
and  encouraging  them  economically  and  educationally — bring  about  a  closer  co-opera- 
tion between  school  and  social  agencies. 

4.  Continuation  of  Community  Nights. 

5.  Closer    co-operation    between    high    school    and    industries — friendly .    but    as 
far  as  possible  scientific. 

Of  the  46  churches,  6  hold  services  in  a  foreign  language :  Buddhist.  Russian, 
German  Baptist,  Japanese,  Mexican. 

Of  the  105  organizations,  the  following  25  are  for  foreigners  : 

1.  Chinese   Citizens'  Club. 

2.  Italian-American. 

3.  Italian  Club. 

4.  Bing  Kong  Tong    (Chinese  Free  Masons). 

5.  Chee  Kung  Hong   (Chinese  Free  Masons). 

6.  Chinese   Consolidated   Benevolent   Association. 

7.  Council  of  Jewish  Women. 

8.  Gee  Hona  Association. 

9.  Hop  Sing  Benevolent. 

10.  Japanese  Association  of  Southern  California. 

11.  Japanese  Business  Men's  Association. 

12.  Japanese  Federal   Agricultural   Association. 

13.  Mu  Pung  Fong  Association. 

14.  Wai  Leung  Association   (Chinese  Chamber  of  Commerce). 

Benevolent  and  Social  Bodies. 

1.  Armenian. 

a.  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
6.  Y.  W.  C.  A. 

2.  Children's   Home   Society. 

3.  Christian  Mission  and  Industrial  Association. 

4.  Italian  Mutual  Benefit  Association. 

5.  Japanese  Mutual  Benefit  Association. 

6.  Juvenile  Protective  Association. 

7.  Los  Angeles  County  Pioneer  Society. 

8.  Servian   United  Benevolent   Society. 

9.  W.  C.  T.  U. 

10.  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Athletic  Field  and  Club  House. 
11  Y.  W.  Ai  Kai   (Japanese  Y.  W.  C.  A.). 


REPORTS. 

As  the  survey  consists  of  the  reports  of  the  various  departments  with 
their  recommendations  they  are  presented  as  turned  in.  exr-ept  where 
they  had  to  be  cut  for  the  sake  of  brevity. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  every  social  agency  has  its  own  peculiar 
system  of  districting  the  city,  it  was  difficult  to  obtain  data  which 
belonged  to  the  arbitrary  districts  made  for  the  purposes  of  this 
survey. 


COMMISSION    OF    IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING. 


17 


The  following  report  was  furnished  by  Director  of  Nursing  Bureau, 
Los  Angeles  City  Health  Department: 


-°        <? 

1  >Ktiicts  of  survey 
*           I 

Xuinlx'i-  families 
with  no  school 
children  

Foreign  born  

Illness,  ignor- 
ance of  mother 

Wage  earning 
mother  .. 

Malnutrition  

:?  = 
•*  — 

Infection  or 

i  i.iitiiiiinn  

'.  K 
I2" 

mif 
n 

I 

Xeeding  mill;-- 

Districts  IV  and  VI  -            No.     2        77 

10 

22 

3 

8 

21 

8 

10 

35 

23 

Districts  X  and  XI  No.     3         75 

15 

35 

10 

20 

18 

20 

20 

25 

District   V       No.     4        58 

13 

19 

4 

1 

41 

34 

4 

28 

Districts  V  and  VII                                  No      5        79 

13 

25 

6 

10 

38 

41 

18 

District   VIII  No.     6       117 

26 

30 

6 

1 

20 

21 

57 

50 

50 

Districts    VII    and   VIII  No.     7       148 

42 

25 

17 

1 

1 

20 

30 

10 

District  VIII       No.     8       108 

20 

30 

14 

3 

16 

50 

18 

28 

District   IX            -           --                        No.  10       103 

29 

26 

11 

13 

10 

10 

53 

24 

10 

Districts  I  and  II      —      -             --       No.  14       174 

12 

75 

4 

2 

a 

4 

105 

40 

25 

Districts  II  and  III    No.  16       147 

20 

70 

48 

24 

33 

16 

26 

25 

1,068 

200 

357 

148 

56 

117 

145 

343 

337 

242 

*The  above  figures  represent  the  number  of  active  cases  on  file  October  23,  1917. 


IU-triets  of  survey 

Districts  of 
nurses  

Maternity  and 
welfare  cases.  _ 

Number  families 
with  no  school 
children  

Foreign  born  

Illness,  ignor- 
ance of  mother. 

Wage  earning 
mother  .. 

Malnutrition  

m  ~; 

Infection  and 
oontasrion  

Needing  dental 
work  

Needing  milk-  — 

Districts  II  and  III  _ 

A 

152 

53 

15 

10 

2 

ft 

6 

6 

,0 

37 

Districts  IV  and  XI  

B 

150 

20 

12 

12 

4 

3 

3 

3 

6 

6 

Districts  V.  VI    VII 

O 

189 

19 

6 

17 

24 

9 

28 

5 

Districts  VII    VIII    IX    -- 

D 

156 

39 

15 

50 

10 

30 

7 

30 

District    IX       

E 

209 

16 

11 

26 

4 

11 

1 

4 

8 

12 

Districts   I   and   II    _ 

F 

197 

70 

13 

17 

5 

25 

10 

10 

5 

37 

District  VIII          .      

G 

52 

3 

5 

12 

3 

25 

7 

5 

35 

General    eas?s   

213 
200 

77 
357 

144 

148 

52 
56 

cx> 
CT> 

117 

73 
145 

30 
343 

41 
337 

162 

242 

Total    illnesses       --    -- 

413 

434 

292 

108 

203 

218 

373 

378 

404 

1,194 

In  studying  these  figures  it  is  necessary  to  take  into  consideration 
the  fact  that  the  maternity  and  infant  welfare  nurses  have  very  few 
sick  patients,  most  of  their  work  being  with  well  babies  and  their 
maternity  cases. 

This  report  reveals  that  the  1,194  cases  of  illness  reported  are  due  to 
two  fundamental  causes:  ignorance  and  poverty. 

Cause. 
Ignorance  of  mother  _____________________________________________  Ignorance 

Wage-earning   mother  ____________________________________________  Poverty 

Malnutrition..  >  prance 

|   Poverty 


Insanitary  living  condition 


Ignorance 

pU  - 

Heredity 
Needing  dental  work  --------------------------------------------  Poverty 

Needing  milk  __________________________________________________  Poverty 


.18  COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 

The  ignorance  being  the  cause  of  the  poverty  and  the  poverty  being 
the  cause  of  the  ignorance. 

Of  course  a  sodden,  ignorant  laborer  isn't  worth  much.  He  and  his 
family  are  only  a  burden  to  the  community.  But  until  the  time  comes 
when  he  has  living  hours  and  a  living  wage,  he  will  never  be  worth 
more. 

Summary  of  Needs. 

Dental  clinic  in  11  districts. 
Milk  in  6  districts. 
Enforced  employment  in  6  districts. 
Loan  closet  in  3  districts. 

Court  of  domestic  relations  similar  to  the  one  in  Chicago  in  3  districts. 
Baths  in  3  districts. 

Tubercular  sanitarium,  light  work  for  convalescent  men,  better  housing,  general 
clinic,  day  nursery,  and  toothbrushes  in  one  district,  each. 


The   following  report   was   furnished   by   the   County   Charities : 

Number  cases  In 
March,  1918. 

Districts  2  and  11 119 

District  3 19 

District  4 9 

District  5 14 

District  6    21 

District  7   21 

Districts  8,  10,  .11 132 

District  9 103 

Districts  10,  8  108 

Districts  11,  8,  10 132 

678 

A  total  of  678  cases  in  one  month  seems  appalling. 

Perhaps  the  solution  lies  in  "work  suited  to  the  strength  and  ability 
of  the  worker,  hours  that  do  not  leave  the  worker  too  exhausted  to 
enjoy  play,  then  a  place  for  recreation  of  a  clean  and  wholesome  sort ; 
all  this  accompanied  by  a  wage  that  allows  decent  living,  a  little  saving, 
and  a  hope  and  ambition  for  the  future."* 

In  every  report  the  difference  in  districting  makes  it  impossible  to 
get  accurate  information  for  the  districts  of  this  survey. 

The  Charities  have  just  completed  a  new  system,  commencing 
Monday,  December  2,  1918. 

What  a  forward  step  it  would  have  been  if  all  the  agencies  could 
have  adjusted  the  "peculiar  features"  of  their  problems  and  agreed 
upon  a  uniform  system. 


*Report  of  Chairman  of  Industrial  and  Social  Conditions,  C.  F.  W.  C. 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING. 


19 


The  following  report  was  furnished  by  the  Police  Department: 

Nativity   of   Foreigners   Arrested    From    December   1,   1917,  to    December   1,   1918, 
Los  Angeles    Police    Department. 


Alaskan 

4  Italian 

979 

Argentina 

6   Japanese 

943 

Armenian  _ 

187   Jewish 

701 

Austrian 

377  Korean     _ 

14 

Australian 

32   Mexican 

_     3,798 

Assyrian 

6  Montenegrin 

7 

Belgian 

40  Negro 

1,793 

Bavarian 

2   Norwegian 

239 

Bohemian     _ 

58   New  Zealander 

1 

Bulgarian 

6   Polander 

68 

Brazilian 

4  Peruvian 

3 

Canadian 

852   Persian 

3 

<  'hinese 

640   Philippine 

12 

Chilian 

13   Porto  Rico 

2 

Cuban 

6   Portuguese 

34 

Creole 

2   Russian 

917 

Dutch 

98   Roumanian 

42 

Danish    __ 

200    Scotch 

S78 

Englishmen 

937   Scotch   Irish 

54 

Finlander 

183   Spanish 

_  _              293 

French 

357    Scandinavian 

6 

German 

1,171    Servian 

56 

(Jreek 

217   Syrian 

56 

Guatemalan 

2   Slavonian 

19 

Hindoo 

4   Swedish    

622 

Hungarian 

90   Switzerland 

100 

Hawaiian 

14   Turkish 

31 

Indian 

51   T'kranian 

1 

Irish 

1,904   Welsh 

46 

Mixed   nationalities 

„     -            55 

Total    - 

18.732 

The  eleven  highest  in  number  of  offenses: 

Native  white 31.523 

Mexican   3,798 

Irish    1,904 

Negro    1,793 

(ierman    1,171 

Italian    979 

Japanese 943 

English    937 

Russian   917 

( 'anadian    852 

Chinese    640 

The  population  of  the  city  of  Los  Angeles,  City  Directory  estimate 
1918.  is  607.587. 


20  COMMUNITY    SURVEY    OF    LOS    ANGELES. 

The  foreign  population  as  estimated  in  1915  is  148,750. 
The  total  number  of  arrests  in  the  city  from  July,  1917.  to  July, 
1918,  was 

Men    47,3»>1 

Women     2,804 


50,25". 

From  these  figures  it  appears  that  6.8  per  cent  of  the  native  white 
population  have  been  transgressors  of  the  law  and  12.5  per  cent  of 
the  foreigners. 

Data  based  on  these  figures  can,  of  course,  be  only  suggestive. 

When  we  consider  the  handicaps  of  the  foreigner,  the  comparison 
is  not  so  greatly  to  his  disadvantage. 


The  following  report  was  furnished  by  the  probation  department  of 
the  Juvenile  Court. 
For  the  year  ending  December  31,  1917 : 


District. 

Boys. 

fitrU. 

1 

30 

11 

2 

21 

3 

8 

2 

4 

4 

4 

5 

25 

6 

G 

9 



7 

5 

4 

8 

30 

13 

9 

38 

12 

10 

2 

9 

11 

14 

6 

Totals 

ISO 

67 

Totals 

253        20.5  per  c« 

Totnls  in  countv     . 

897 

333 

1,232 

Taken  from  the  Annual  Report  of  1917:  "Percentage  of  foreign 
children,  and  children  born  of  foreign-born  parents  (approximately) 
30  per  cent." 

"As  it  now  stands,  what  is  known  as  the  Juvenile  Court  is  also  the 
court  of  practically  all  domestic  relations  except  divorce  and  estates. 
All  civil  as  well  as  criminal  litigation,  wherein  the  custody  or  rights 
or  wrongs  of  children  are  involved,  is  confined  to  what  is  popularly 
called  the  Juvenile  Court." 


(  (»M.M1»IOX    OF    IMMIGRATION    AM)    HOUSING. 


21 


It  is  interesting  to  note  that  in  Districts  3,  4,  6,  and  7,  where  the 
probation  cases  of  boys  are  fewest,  the  schools  are  near  great  open 
in  which  to  play.  The  one  exception  is  District  10.  which  is  in  a 
part  of  the  city.  May  this  not  be  due  to  the  influence  of 
:i  school  imbued  with  a  socializing  consciousness? 


The    following   report   was   furnished   by   the   Bureau   of   Housing 
Commission  of  the  Health  Department: 

Approximate  Figures  Regarding   Housing   Districts  No.  1  to  11. 


District 

Hotels 

Violations 
Tenements       State  laws 
1917 

Single 
men  or 
women 

Families 

District  1          --                               --           — 

115 
70 
20 
4 
13 

10 
5 

5 
2 

2 

140                  460 
50                     60 
35                    100 
45                    125 
25                      65 
17                   15 
22                    «0 
85                  415 
25                    75 
140                   650 
28                   233 

District  2  

District  .3          —  -        -- 

District  4          --    

District  r> 

District  6      

District  7        ...    .-    

7 
100 
15 
200 
60 

2 
75 
6 
25 
5 

D'stric-t  *  —    

District  9          --        -.    

District  1"               --  --             -      

District  11       --           -    -- 

Totals          .-      ...    

604 

137 

612                 2,260 

\VliT  I'M.-  native  born  owns  the  house  and  lives  in  it.  the  violations  are  about 
10  per  cent. 

WhfT"  iln-  native  born  owns  the  house  and  foreign  born  lives  in  it.  the  violations 
are  about  40  per  cent. 

Where  the  foreign  born  owns  the  house  and  lives  in  it.  the  violations  are  about 
t»0  per  cent. 

Where  the  foreign  born  owns  the  house  and  rents  to  foreign  born,  the  violations 
are  abour  7<>  per  cent. 

Two  thousand  two  hundred  sixty  violations  of  the  housing  laws  in 
one  year — more  than  6  a  day !  The  violations  of  the  foreign  born  arise 
110  doubt,  in  large  measure,  from  ignorance. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  when  the  native-born  owner  lives  in  his 
house  the  violations  are  only  ]0  per  cent. 

But  when  he  rents  it  to  a  foreigner  the  violations  rise  to  40  per  cent. 

It  is  not  possible  to  say  whether  the  increase  is  due  to  the  owner  or 
to  the  tenant.  Judging  from  the  condition  of  many  of  the  houses  when 
the  foreigner  moves  into  them,  it  is  not  difficult  to  draw  a  conclusion. 


22  coimrxrrv  SURVEY  OF  LOS  ANCKI.KS. 

The  following  report  was  furnished  by  the  Health  Department  of 
the  public  schools. 

The  school  nurses  made  visits  to  the  homes  in  the  school  year  1917- 
1918  as  follows : 

In  District   Number  1 070  visits. 

In  District  Number  2     712  visits. 

In  District  Number  3     241    visits. 

In  District  Number  4     318  visits. 

In  District  Number  5     687  visits. 

In  District  Number  6     501  visits. 

In  District  Number  7     333  visits. 

In  District  Number  8     750  visits. 

In  District  Number  9     200  visits. 

In  District  Number  10 25' '»  visits. 

In  District  Number  11  _  807  visits. 


Total    5,475  visits. 

In  addition  our  physicians  summoned  many  of  the  parents  to  the 
schools  for  conferences,  and  there  gave  them  general  advice  as  to  living 
and  care.  At  our  dispensary  lectures  were  given  on  the  subject  of 
nutrition. 


Furnished  by  the  Department  of  Compulsory  Education  and  Child 
Welfare  of  the  Public  Schools  for  the  school  year  1917-1918. 

Number  cases. 

District  1      24s 

District  2     — 290 

District  3     : 353 

District  4 1K> 

District  5     : 391 

District  0    87 

District  7    5!»5 

District  8     __ 5<>2 

District  9     259 

District  10 — 218 

District  11   _  135 


3,264 

The  work  of  the  department  falls  into  five  divisions: 

1.  Nonattendance  at  school. 

2.  Truancy  (wilful  absence). 

3.  Illness. 

4.  Poverty. 

5.  Incorrigibility. 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING.  23 

Report  furnished  by  the  assistant  superintendents  of  the  Los  Angeles 
Oitv  Schools: 


Evening  schools—  Year    1917-18 

Enrollment 

Total 
attendance 

Alpine  -         „  --    . 

133 

34 

Castelar   ..  ..       ..           -  ... 

506 

102 

Palo  Vmlo 

168 

34 

Ann    -  -- 

497 

76 

Pasadena              -         

*fl34 

76 

All-iion    „    _    

78 

24 

Bridge       --    —  -                  

513 

sn 

Utah  ..    

338 

4-7 

Belvedere              -          _-  .     -.  --        

348 

61 

First                —    -- 

288 

|| 

Boyle  Heights  ,  -.             ...    — 

243 

3-2 

Seventh                           -  --  -    --    

8M 

70 

Hewitt      --    --           -    -             -    — 

170 

28 

Amelia                --       --  

437 

104 

Macv    ..    ...            .         

625 

til* 

Totals     

5,637 

992 

"Largest  enrollment. 
'Largest  attendance. 


The  Chamber  of  Commerce,  for  its  contribution  to  the  Survey, 
checked  up  the  industries,  and  found  in  the  district  753,  or  33".9  per 
cent  of  the  industries  in  the  city. 

The  deduction  is  that  surely  life  can  not  be  normal  in  a  district  so 
much  given  over  to  industry,  where  there  must  of  necessity  be  noise, 
grime,  confusion,  unpleasant  odors,  houses  insanitary  and  dilapidated, 
with  nothing  beautiful  or  restful  to  look  upon. 

According  to  the  Lincoln  High  School  Survey,  71  industries  which 
they  interviewed  employ  12,707  persons ;  71  is  9.4  per  cent  of  the  whole 
number  753. 

So  it  seems  safe  to  infer  that  at  least  100,000  persons  are  employed 
in  the  industries  of  this  section. 

There  is  no  way  to  reach  the  foreign-born  dweller  in  this  district 
until  the  employers  have  responded  to  their  own  social  consciousness, 
for  it  surely  does  not  lie  dormant  always. 

"When  all  of  their  employes  receive  a  wage  that  does  not  make  it 
necessary  to  huddle  with  five  or  six  other  families  into  one  dilapidated 
shack,  without  beds,  without  a  cookstove,  without  enough  to  eat,  with- 
out the  necessities  to  keep  clean ;  when  their  hours  are  such  that  there 
is  still  energy  and  desire  for  recreation  and  education — 

Then  there  will  not  be  malnutrition,  soddenness  and  discontent. 

Then  the  employer  will  suddenly  realize  that  far  from  being  a  philan- 
thropist's  dream,  it  has  boomeranged  him  with  increased  and  improved 
output  through  a  renewed  spirit. 

5— 44HO 


24  COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OP   LOS   ANGELES. 

THE  LIBRARY. 

There  is  probably  no  recreation  center  which  is  so  far-reaching  as 
the  library.  When  we  consider,  in  addition  to  this,  its  educational 
function,  it  seems  most  important  that  it  should  be  so  supported  that 
it  may  meet  adequately  all  the  demands  upon  it. 

In  each  of  the  districts  in  this  Survey,  except  three,  there  are  branch 
libraries  which  serve  the  foreign  population.  There  are  upon  the 
shelves  of  one  of  these  libraries  999  volumes  in  foreign  languages.  In 
eleven  months  the  circulation  reached  2,661  volumes.  At  the  other 
branches  there  are  only  a  few,  exchanged  at  the  main  library  as  there 
is  demand.  One  branch  has  a  French  newspaper  donated,  another  has 
Russian,  French  and  Spanish  periodicals,  and  the  others  feel  the  need 
of  some  foreign  journal. 

Four  of  the  playgrounds  in  this  district  have  library  centers  where 
there  are  many  social  activities.  Story-telling  is  recognized  as  a  potent 
factor  in  interesting  the  foreign  child. 

There  has  grown  up  a  splendid  co-operation  between  the  library  and 
the  public  schools.  Only  five  years  ago  when  a  teacher  asked  her  princi- 
pal to  allow  her  to  take  her  class  to  the  library  he  responded,  "Oh,  no, 
not  at  all.  They  might  get  into  the  habit  of  going  there  and  would 
stop  coming  to  school." 

These  libraries  are  social  centers  for  the  community.  They  are 
meeting  places  for  mothers'  clubs,  boys'  clubs,  girls'  clubs,  exemption 
boards,  Red  Cross,  Consumer's  League,  etc. 

The  library  has  been  most  inadequately  financed.     Each  time  a  plea 
was  made  to  the  budget  committee  the  answer  was,  "we  think  the  mini 
mum  is  enough.    If  you  are  so  sure  you  are  important  enough  to  havo 
more,  let  the  voters  decide." 

Evidently  the  budget  committee  did  not  read  the  public  mind  aright, 
for  when  the  library  did  ask  the  voters  to  decide,  they  expressed  their 
confidence  in  a  vote  for  increased  apportionment. 

Only  when  there  is  a  generous  support,  can  the  library  give  in  pro 
portion  to  its  capabilities. 

KIND  OF  BOOKS. 

In  answer  to  the  question,  "What  books  do  you  desire?"  by  far  the 
greater  number  of  children  wished  fairy  tales.  This  same  fact  was 
brought  out  in  the  Friday  Morning  Club  Recreational  Survey.  These 
foreign  people  are  endowed  with  imagination.  It  is  a  rare  gift;  one 
that  might  be  welcomed  in  a  land  which  is  young  and  practical  minded. 

Next,  the  desire  in  almost  as  great  a  number  was  for  stories,  and 
there  were  demands  for  magazines,  newspapers,  history,  books  on  war, 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  25 

machinery,  poultry,  carpentry,  electricity,  religion,  the  dictionary  and 
the  Bible.  A  great  many  of  those  interrogated  did  not  answer  this 
question.  No  doubt,  because  they  could  not  read  at  all,  or  could  not 
read  English  well  enough  to  enjoy  books. 

RECOMMENDATIONS    FROM    THE    LOS   ANGELES    PUBLIC    LIBRARY. 

The  foreign  population  in  the  city  of  Los  Angeles  is  large  enough  to 
demand  the  entire  time  of  at  least  one  librarian.  She  should  combine 
social  service  interests  with  the  ability  to  speak  several  languages. 
With  such  assistance,  the  foreign  work  in  Boyle  Heights,  Central  ave- 
nue, San  Pedro  branches  and  the  main  library  could  be  improved  and 
developed. 

A  thoughtful  consideration  of  this  foreign  problem  brings  to  light 
the  need  for  careful  systematic  work  in  the  night  schools,  where  the 
teacher  can  be  informed  of  the  deposits  of  books,  the  use  of  old  maga- 
zines, the  loan  of  pictures  and  other  special  helps  in  their  work ;  where 
classes  may  be  informed  of  the  free  public  library  to  help  them  in  their 
education  as  soon  as  they  have  mastered  the  mechanics  of  reading; 
where  visits  to  the  library  may  be  arranged;  rules  explained,  cards 
taken,  and  all  departments  inspected.  There  is  also  this  same  need  in 
the  afternoon  classes  for  mothers,  and  in  groups  of  employes  meeting 
in  factories,  canneries,  carshops  and  similar  industries  employing  large 
numbers  of  foreigners. 

At  the  time  of  the  city's  reception  of  the  new  citizens  there  should 
be  a  library  representative  to  meet  the  people  and  spread  the  knowledge 
of  the  library,  and  occasionally  to  have  a  place  on  the  program  of  the 
evening. 

Several  social  agencies  have  expressed  the  need  for  a  folder  printed 
in  several  languages  besides  English,  telling  of  the  free  civic  oppor- 
tunities such  as  the  library,  night  schools,  playgrounds,  baths,  parks, 
museums,  clinics,  and  a  digest  of  those  city  ordinances  which  would 
be  likely  to  touch  the  life  of  the  foreigner.  It  would  seem  to  be  a 
desirable  piece  of  co-operation  if  the  library  could  prepare  such  a 
folder.  There  is  also  need  for  bibliographies  in  Spanish,  Italian,  Rus- 
sian, Yiddish  and  Armenian.  Posters  in  foreign  languages  announcing 
the  free  use  of  the  library  should  be  placed  at  strategic  points  in  the 
foreign  colonies.  If  approached,  many  foreign  clubs  and  newspapers 
would  undoubtedly  give  space  and  consideration  to  the  library. 

There  is  also  need  for  constant  replenishing  of  books  in  simple 
English  for  foreign-speaking  people,  and  now  that  the  cessation  of 
hostilities  has  come,  we  hope  the  foreign  collection  may  be  augmented. 
Such  a  collection  has  value  not  only  in  an  educational  way,  but  in  the 


26  COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 

first  friendliness  it  frequently  establishes  with  lonely  strangers  in  our 
midst. 

We  should  like  also  to  see  more  deposits  established  in  foreign 
districts,  which  would  have  special  attention  and  encouragement  from 
the  library. 

Undoubtedly  with  someone  in  charge  of  the  foreign  work  broader 
opportunities  for  service  than  are  now  apparent  would  be  discovered. 
It  is  a  chance  for  the  library  to  contribute  to  the  greater  development 
of  an  intelligent,  contented  and  united  nation. 


SETTLEMENTS  AND  NURSERIES. 

The  Settlement,  that  haven  of  help,  which  is  always  there  and  always 
open,  is  doing  a  notable  work  in  socialization.  The  reports  show 
classes  in  sewing,  knitting,  cooking,  English,  housekeeping,  folk  dancing, 
music,  laundry,  millinery,  toy  making. 

EXCERPTS  FROM  THE  REPORTS. 

From  the  Ida  Straus  Day  Nursery  and  Settlement : 

' '  Nationalities— Jewish. 

We  have  a  circulating  library  and  reading  room — no  restrictions. 

Piano  lessons  are  given  gratis  to  any  children  coming  to  the  settle- 
ment and  they  may  use  the  house  piano  for  practicing. 

Health  department  conferences  for  babies  are  held  weekly  in  the 
building,  a  physician  and  nurse  in  attendance." 

The  Los  Angeles  Settlement  House : 

"This  Settlement  is  a  social  institution,  maintained  for  the  purpose 
of  Americanizing  the  alien  within  our  midst  and  of  raising  the  citizen- 
ship standard  of  our  foreign-born  population. 

The'great  need  supplied  by  this  settlement  is  shown  in  the  fact  that 
it  serves  between  five  and  six  hundred  visitors  each  month. 

In  the  medical  dispensary  and  clinic,  over  3,400  cases  were  treated 
in  one  year." 

International  Institute : 

' '  Nationalities — nine. 

There  are  17  girls'  clubs;  192  enrolled;  372  attendances  during  one 
month,  each  club  meeting  once  a  week.  They  sew,  do  Red  Cross  and 
Patriotic  League  work,  gardening,  etc." 

Neighborhood  Settlement  House : 
' '  Nationalities — sixteen. 
We  reach  between  600  and  700  families." 

Brownson  House : 

"Nationalities — nine;  90  per  cent  Mexican. 

Self  helpfulness  is  exalted.    Small  fees  are  paid  for  clothing,  etc. 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  27 

Visitors  at  Settlement  house  average  16  per  day.  Visits  in  home 
by  field  worker  average  9  per  day. 

Employment  is  secured  for  all  who  need  it. 

A  loan  closet  is  maintained  for  use  of  district  nurses  among  bed- 
ridden poor. 

Picnics  and  excursions  are  given ;  Christmas  tree  annually ;  holiday 
celebrations. 

Handiwork  is  sold,  and  full  price  given  to  maker,  unless  material  has 
been  furnished,  in  which  case  the  wholesale  cost  of  material  is  deducted. 

The  number  attending  various  activities  in  one  month  was  1,087." 

The  Music  School  Settlement  is  unique  and  should  be  far-reaching  in 
its  influence  because  most  of  the  foreign  population  are  music  loving. 
Tt  is  in  a  part  of  the  district  where  there  are  Italians  and  many  of  the 
children  obtain  instruction  at  a  nominal  cost. 

Surely  there  is  a  response  to  the  lure  of  education  and  recreation. 
The  municipality  will  some  day  realize  that  it  is  its  function  to  provide 
educational  and  recreational  facilities  for  all  its  people,  the  immigrant 
included,  and  that  it  will  be  one  of  its  best  investments. 

St.  Elizabeth  Day  Nursery  takes  care  of  80  children.  It  includes 
Japanese,  Chinese  and  Negroes. 

The  children  of  the  wage-earning  mother  is  a  problem  which  the  Day 
Nursery  has  arisen  to  meet. 

The  Ida  Straus  Day  Nursery  takes  care  daily  of  30  children  at  a 
charge  of  ten  cents  per  day. 

The  mothers  work  in  laundries,  are  cloak  and  suit  operators,  and 
day  workers.  Most  of  them  obtain  employment  through  the  aid  of  the 
Nursery  Board. 

The  children  are  looked  after  scientifically  and  are,  in  most  instances, 
in  much  better  condition  than  they  could  possibly  be  if  the  mother 
remained  at  home.  However,  this  is  not  at  all  recommended  as  the 
ideal  plan,  as  every  child  should  have  the  advantage  of  home  training. 


MISSIONS. 

There  are  reports  from  6  Missions :  3  Baptist,  2  Methodist  Episcopal, 
1  Japanese  Union  Church  and  "The  House  of  Light." 

All  but  one  have  on  Sunday  two  church  services  and  Sunday  school. 
The  one  exception  has  two  Sunday  school  sessions,  one  in  English  and 
one  in  Spanish.  All  of  the  services  of  one  mission  in  a  Mexican  district 
are  in  Spanish. 

Besides  the  Sunday  services,  there  are  weekly  prayer  meetings,  Bible 
classes,  Epworth  League  and  Christian  Endeavor  meetings.  The 
average  attendance  at  religious  services  of  all  kinds  is  36,  although  in 
many  instances  there  are  but  10  or  12  present.  At  four  of  the  missions 
there  are  sewing  classes  for  girls  and  mothers,  with  an  average  attend- 
ance of  20.  "At  each  sewing  class  we  give  a  Bible  lesson  also." 

There  are  clubs  for  boys :  Animal  Rescue,  Scouts,  home  gardening  in 
which  10  Mexican  bovs  are  interested. 


28 


COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


All  have  home  visitors.  Two  of  them  report:  "We  make  over  100 
calls  per  month."  The  nationalities  reached  are,  for  the  most  part. 
Mexican,  Japanese,  Italian,  Syrian  and  Russian. 

A  few  have  social  gatherings,  excursions,  picnics,  and  holiday 
celebrations. 

"We  have  a  medical  clinic  Monday  and  Thursday  mornings,  9:00  to 
12.  Have  treated  Mexicans,  Spanish,  Austrians,  Italians,  Syrians, 
Negroes,  French  and  Americans." 

The  work  of  the  Japanese  Mission  is  interesting.  It  is  the  only  one 
maintained  by  the  foreigners  themselves,  and  shows  their  zeal  to  learn 
English. 

Copied  from  the  questionnaire  filled  out  by  the  Japanese  Mission. 
Entertainments — once  a  month  and  literary  evenings  once  a  month. 
Visiting  in  neighborhood — a  lady  is  engaged  to  do  this  work. 


Educational 

Enroll- 
ment 

Meetings 
per 
week 

Length 
of  lesson 

Number 
of 
teachers 

(a)  Bible  classes 

94 

1 

1  hour 

(b)  English    

72 

5 

2  hours 

5 

(c)  Sewing     

(d)  Cooking    

(e)  Japanese  taught  

34 

5 

2  hours 

2 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  they  maintain  two-hour  classes  in  English  five 
times  a  week,  with  five  teachers.  The  Japanese  live  sometimes  in  colo- 
nies, perhaps  from  necessity,  but  they  have  an  eagerness  to  learn  the 
English  language  and  adapt  themselves  to  customs  of  the  United  States. 

Most  of  the  other  foreigners  live  in  colonies  from  desire,  and  must 
be  persuaded  to  attend  classes.  They  seem  more  diffident  and  clannish. 

While  the  answers  to  the  questionnaire  show  that  there  is  some  effort 
made  toward  socialization,  it  is  small. 

No  doubt  the  difference  between  the  Settlement  and  Mission  is  that 
the  Mission  is  primarily  a  religious  institution.  Might  it  not  be  that 
the  religious  element  could  be  strengthened  by  a  broad  effort  at 
socialization  ? 


PLAYGROUNDS. 

As  Los  Angeles  was  the  first  city  in  the  United  States  to  have  a 
municipal  playground  commission,  it  was  necessary  for  the  commis- 
sioners to  depend  upon  their  own  initiative  and  experiment. 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING. 


29 


In  1905  there  was  one  playground  in  Los  Angeles,  now  there  are 
eleven — seven  of  which  are  in  this  district,  including  the  new  one  at 
Ouster  and  Temple,  which  is  just  ready  to  open. 


Total 
attend- 
ance In 
1018 

Nationalities 

Swim- 
ming 

Orches- 
tra 

Com- 
munity 
singing 

1.  Downcy          

59,407 

Italians  (86|  per  cent) 

No 

No 

No 

Mexican 
Austrian 
Irish 

2.  Echo  Park      

182,919 

Jews  (60  per  cent) 

Wading 

Broken 

Yes 

pool 

up  by 
war 

3.  Hazard    

88,825 

No 

No 

Yes 

4.  Recrration   Center 

82969 

M°xican 

No 

No 

No 

Italian 
Austrian 

5.  Salt  Lak?  

98,507 

Russian 

Wading 

No 

Girls' 

Armenian 
Mexican 
Greek 
Japanese 

pool 

club 

fi.  Viol'  t  street      

92  568 

No 

No 

No 

Italian 
Syrian 
Greek 

7.  Custer—  just  ready  to  open... 

Yes 

585,192 

The  total  attendance  is  585,192.  That  is  a  large  number.  Whatever 
other  objection  may  be  urged  against  the  playgrounds,  it  can  not  be 
said  they  are  not  used.  It  means  that  1,603  people  go  every  day.  If 
you  have  ever  lived  in  a  village  you  will  know  exactly  what  a  large 
number  of  people  1,603  is. 

An  average  of  267  a  day  and  1,169  a  week  at  each  playground. 

They  all  have  a  clubhouse  and  the  ordinary  apparatus  for  athletics 
and  games:  tennis,  baseball,  handball,  volleyball,  basketball,  soccer, 
bowling,  etc. 

Almost  all  of  them  have  boys'  and  girls'  and  mixed  clubs,  evening 
parties  (usually  dancing)  and  holiday  celebrations. 

Only  in  the  new  one,  which  is  not  yet  open,  is  there  a  swimming  pool. 
But  it  is  the  hope  of  the  commission  to  install  sometime  a  pool  in  every 
playground. 


30  COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OP   LOS   ANGELES. 

There  is  not  an  orchestra  in  any  of  the  playgrounds  and  only  three 
report  community  singing. 

.  This  seems  regrettable  because  music  speaks  a  universal  language  and 
is  one  important  means  of  helping  the  foreigner  to  adjust  himself  to 
new  and  strange  conditions. 

The  commission  hopes  to  make  an  open-air  Recreation  Center  at  the 
Plaza  and  to  resume  the  band  concerts  which  were  discontinued  during 
the  war. 

RECOMMENDATIONS   OP   THE   DIRECTORS. 

1.  A  pool  and  billiard  room  in  the  new  Downey  Clubhouse  to  offset 

the  commercialized  pool  room. 

2.  "Clean  up"  the  pool  halls. 

3.  Have  the  police  keep  a  closer  watch  on  the  activities  of  pool 

rooms. 

4.  Increase  the  size  of  the  Echo  Park  Clubhouse  50  per  cent. 

5.  Better  police  protection  for  young  girls  who  pass  through  Echo 

Park. 

6.  In  the  Salt  Lake  district  there  is  due  need  of  an  assembly  hall 

large   enough   to   accommodate   large   numbers   for   meetings, 
social  gatherings,  dances,  clubs  and  gymnasium  classes. 

7.  Broad-minded  policemen  who  understand  the  conditions  of  the 

neighborhood. 

8.  At  motion  picture  houses — a  censorship  of  films,  better  ventila- 

tion and  higher-class  music. 

9.  Investigation  of  child  labor  during  nut-cracking  season. 

(a)  Inspection  of  nut-cracking  places  by  Pure  Food  Adminis- 
tration. 

10.  City  to  improve  street  conditions. 

11.  A  public  library  in  the  immediate  neighborhood,  as  they  will  not 

go  far  from  their  homes. 


COMMERCIALIZED  RECREATION. 

There  were  licenses  taken  out  for  92  billiard  halls  and  25  motion 
picture  houses  in  this  district.  These  should  be  more  closely  supervised 
and  censored. 

After  motion  pictures  in  popularity,  come  in  order,  parks,  play- 
grounds, beaches,  singing,  music,  reading,  dancing  and  visiting. 

It  is  little  wonder  that  there  is  a  desire  for  space — for  an  opportunity 
to  stretch  after  the  cramped  existence,  both  mental  and  physical,  in 
their  congested  quarters. 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  31 

It  is  regrettable  that  the  Park  Commission,  on  account  of  lack  of 
appropriation,  has  never  been  able  to  use  the  plans  submitted  by  Laurie 
Davidson  Cox  in  1914. 

There  are  only  two  swimming  pools ;  one  at  Macy  street  and  one  in  the 
iic\\  playground  at  Temple  and  Custer,  which  is  not  yet  open. 

At  Macy  street  the  children  have  regular  instruction  in  swimming 
and  the  pool,  which  unfortunately,  is  small,  is  open  to  the  people  of  the 
neighborhood.  In  congested  districts,  where  a  private  bathroom  is 
unknown,  public  baths  and  swimming  pools  would  help  to  inspire  the 
oft- repeated  phrase,  "American  standards  of  living." 


There  was  a  magnificent  example  of  the  co-operation  of  social 
agencies  during  the  influenza  epidemic  in  Los  Angeles,  as  the  following 
excerpts  from  reports  will  show: 

(1)  From  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.: 

''The  idea  of  establishing  a  community  kitchen  for  the  influenza 
patients  in  Los  Angeles  was  originated  by  the  Executive  of  the  Inter- 
national Institute  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  The  Civilian  Relief  Department 
of  the  American  Red  Cross  agreed  to  finance  the  work,  the  Motor  Corps 
was  to  furnish  trucks  and  drivers,  and  the  Canteen  Service  was  to  have 
the  general  supervision  of  the  kitchen.  The  city  schools  of  Los  Angeles 
formed  another  co-operative  agency,  for  they  furnished  the  Domestic 
Science  room  at  the  Utah  Street  School  and  all  the  kitchen  equipment, 
the  Domestic  Science  teachers  gave  their  services  to  cook  the  food,  and 
several  of  the  home  teachers  did  district  visiting  in  connection  with  the 
influenza  patients.  The  Y.  "W.  C.  A.  and  the  International  Institute 
of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  handled  the  executive  and  the  office  end  of  the  work. 
They  were  also  responsible  for  furnishing  the  girls  who  went  out  on 
the  trucks  and  into  the  homes  to  serve  the  food.  In  a  time  of  universal 
catastrophe  it  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  these  three  institutions  were 
able  to  carry  out  successfully  this  plan  of  co-operative  relief  work. 

There  were  eleven  nationalities  affected  by  the  work,  if  one  groups 
together  the  Slavic  people  in  one  group.  By  far  the  largest  number 
were  Mexicans.  The  numbers  of  families  of  each  nationality,  as  far 
as  the  records  show,  are  as  follows : 

Mexicans 138  Americans 14 

Japanese 30  Armenians 15 

Slavic    9  Italians 8 

Swedish 4  Negro    4 

Jewish 4  French     3 

German    2 

This  is  a  partial  record  which  the  follow-up  workers  will  make 
complete  in  time.  The  Japanese  had  a  unique  manner  of  handling 
their  cases.  The  Japanese  Benevolent  Society  receives  every  year 
contributions  from  the  Japanese  Colony,  to  be  used  in  any  disaster 
which  may  come  upon  them.  Through  the  Japanese  home  visitor  of 

5-44110 


32  COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OP   LOS   ANGELES. 

the  International  Institute  they  asked  permission  to  co-operate,  and 
all  their  food  was  prepared  and  sent  out  from  Utah  street,  but  they 
met  the  expenses  from  the  funds  of  their  benevolent  society. 

The  reports  of  needy  cases  came  to  the  office  from  various  different 
sources,  but  principally  from  the  district  nurses,  the  home  teachers, 
the  Settlement  Houses,  and  from  the  foreign  neighbors  of  the  sick 
people,  who  had  seen  the  trucks  and  knew  what  they  meant.  The 
supervisor  of  the  Los  Angeles  Settlement  went  on  the  truck  through 
her  district  herself  daily. 

There  were  225  different  families  fed,  which  means  some  780 
individuals.  One  of  the  most  valuable  pieces  of  information  which 
was  obtained  from  the  records,  is  the  length  of  time  during  which  the 
different  families  received  help. 

Less  than  1  week 136  families. 

1  to  2  weeks    66  families. 

2  to  3  weeks    23  families. 

Over   a   weeks   7  families. 

These  figures  go  to  show  that  it  really  was  an  emergency  relief 
measure,  as  by  far  the  largest  number  received  help  less  than  one  week. 

In  the  future  Los  Angeles  will  be  more  able  to  carry  out  a  successful 
Americanization  program,  because  of  this  relief  work  and  of  the  direct 
contact  of  the  foreigner  with  Americans  who  came  as  friends. 

(2)  From  the  City  Bureau  of  Nursing: 

With  the  splendid  co-operation  of  several  organizations  a  temporary 
home  was  opened  for  well  children  left  uncared  for  when  influenza 
entered  their  homes.  The  St.  Elizabeth  Day  Nursery  became  a  home 
for  the  babies,  their  milk  formulas  being  prepared  in  the  city  milk 
station  and  sent  to  them  daily.  When  the  canteen  opened,  the  nurses 
sent  in  over  200  calls  the  first  day — a  rather  interesting  sidelight  on 
the  conditions  under  which  they  had  been  working. 

Meanwhile  the  city  opened  an  emergency  hospital  at  936  Yale  street ; 
also  one  at  San  Pedro  and  procured  several  housekeepers  to  assist  the 
nurses  by  washing  dishes  and  linen  and  sweeping  floors. 

During  October  the  nurses  made  3,174  visits  to  influenza  cases  and 
341  visits  to  maternity  patients,  making  a  daily  average  of  10  influenza 
and  one  post-partum  case  for  each  nurse,  since  several  of  the  nurses 
were  off  duty  ill. 

(3)  From  Report  of  the  Home  Economics  Teachers: 

The  Home  Economics  teachers  did  most  of  the  cooking.  At  first 
workers  from  the  other  canteens  assisted,  but  soon  they  found  that  it 
was  too  heavy  for  them  to  carry  with  their  other  duties,  and  they  were 
obliged  to  leave  it  to  the  teachers. 

The  teachers  came  in  two  groups  daily.  One  came  in  at  eight  in  the 
morning  and  worked  until  one  o'clock,  the  other  came  at  one  and 
worked  until  dark. 

(4)  From  the  Los  Angeles  Settlement  House: 

The  Los  Angeles  Settlement  House,  finding  that  the  hospitals  were 
rapidly  becoming  so  congested  that  it  was  impossible  to  find  accommo- 
dations, made  an  effort  to  establish  a  temporary  hospital  in  the  district. 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING.  33 

No  suitable  house  could  be  found  which  would  conform  to  the  city 
requirements.  At  last  an  expedient  was  advanced  by  the  health  office 
to  the  effect  that  a  convalescent  home  be  established. 

The  Settlement  House  Board  of  Directors  acted  promptly  on  this 
suggestion,  secured  the  Mount  Washington  Hotel  by  paying  the  rent 
for  three  months  with  the  privilege  of  an  indefinite  lease,  asked  the  city 
council  for,  and  was  granted  an  appropriation  of  $10,500  for  equipment, 
and  then  turned  it  all  over  to  the  health  department  to  organize  and 
run. 

Among  other  activities  for  the  relief  of  the  influenza  situation, 
was  the  privilege  of  working  with  the  Canteen  Service  of  the  Red  Cross, 
which  did  such  heroic  work. 

In  this  way  we  made  over  600  visits,  giving  food  to  over  2,400  people. 

Other  co-operating  organizations  were  put  in  touch  with  time  and 
place  for  help.  Of  these  the  County  Charities,  through  their  outdoor 
relief,  provided  many  homes  with  food,  clothing,  bedding  and  a  home 
for  temporary  orphans. 

The  street  commissioner  responded  with  a  special  "clean  up"  for 
the  District. 

The  Housing  Commission  "hustled"  the  property  owners  for  proper 
housing  conditions. 

The  sanitary  inspectors  gave  service  whenever  needed.  While 
everywhere  present,  responding  to  every  call  and  doing  most  valiant 
and  valuable  service,  was  the  health  office,  the  city  doctors,  and  city 
nurses. 

(5)  From  Brownson  House: 

When  the  quarantine  order  was  made  by  the  city  health  department, 
its  full  meaning  was  not  realized  at  Brownson  House,  but  immediately 
all  the  usual  gatherings  at  the  Settlement  House  were  suspended.  The 
clinic  was  to  remain  open. 

Brownson  House  reported  77  cases  of  influenza  to  the  health  depart- 
ment. There  were  many  deaths ;  about  20  of  these  were  in  families  in 
the  immediate  neighborhood.  The  badly-ventilated  dwellings  and  the 
crowded  rooms  favored  the  spread  of  the  disease  in  the  family. 

When  a  member  of  the  household  went  to  the  hospital,  all  the  daily 
inquiries  and  reports  were  made  through  Brownson  House.  When 
death  came,  it  was  the  sad  duty  of  the  settlement  workers  to  notify  the 
family  at  home.  Then  came  the  filling  out  of  insurance  papers,  the 
collection  of  insurance,  and  the  funeral  arrangements,  even  as  to  the 
clothing  of  the  dead.  When  the  mother  was  stricken,  there  were  prom- 
ises to  make  to  the  dying  woman  solicitous  for  her  little  children,  and 
there  were  the  children  to  be  fed  and  cared  for,  until  some  arrangement 
could  be  made. 

Bed  linen  and  other  necessaries  for  the  sick  room  were  loaned  from 
the  Brownson  House  closet. 

No  matter  at  what  hour  the  appeal  came,  Brownson  House  was  ready. 
When  nothing  more  could  be  done  there  were  always  sympathy  and  love 
to  share  with  the  sorely  afflicted.  Sympathy  and  love,  in  fact,  hallowed 
nil  the  work  of  the  days  of  sadness. 


34  COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS    ANGELES. 

(6)  From  the  St.  Elizabeth  Day  Nursery: 

The  St.  Elizabeth  Day  Nursery,  which  in  normal  times  cares  for 
80  children,  fed  40  children  and  20  mothers  in  co-operation  with : 

(1)  The  Enlisted  Men's   Club,   which  sent  40   pints  of  milk   and 

10  pounds  of  lamb  stew. 

(2)  Council  of  Defense,  which  sent  100  quarts  of  fruit,  jelly  and 

preserves. 

(3)  The  employers  of  the  mothers. 

(4)  The  Utah  Street  Canteen. 

The  children  came  out  like  little  birds  to  be  fed,  and,  although  the 
cook  was  taken  sick  and  the  first  assistant  left  on  account  of  fear,  the 
children  and  their  mothers  were  fed  daily. 

Some  of  the  neighbors,  who  were  considered  a  menace,  who  had  been 
reported  to  the  health  department  several  times  for  keeping  such  a 
dirty  place,  showed  undreamed  of  spirit  of  help.  They  furnished 
messengers  to  carry  the  food  and  were  helpful  in  many  other  ways.  A 
great  misfortune  often  discloses  splendid  traits  of  character  which  have 
been  deeply  buried  through  many  influences. 


It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  shortcomings  of  the  Mexicans 
their  salvation  in  this  epidemic.  Their  houses  are  so  full  of  chinks  that 
the  fresh  air  fans  through  undisturbed,  and  the  predilection  for  sun- 
ning themselves — they  crawl  out  just  as  instinctively  as  the  lizard — 
provided  heaven-given  medicine. 

They  are  so  lacking  in  parsimony,  that  even  though  eggs  cost  86  cents 
a  dozen  and  milk  8  cents  a  pint,  they  buy  as  long  as  they  have  money. 
The  result  is,  they  are  well  nourished. 

On  the  contrary,  the  Russians'  virtues  worked  to  their  detriment. 
They  live  in  snug,  well-built  houses,  tightly  closed,  so  that  not  a  breath 
of  fresh  air  enters.  They  crowd  the  rooms  and  stay  in  frightened 
isolation. 

Their  ideas  of  frugality  would  never  allow  them  to  buy  eggs  or  other 
food  at  extravagant  prices. 

Another  thing  brought  out  by  the  work  during  the  epidemic  was  the 
disinclination  to  accept  aid  when  not  needed,  and  the  positive  refusal 
to  accept  longer  than  absolutely  necessary.  Many  times,  but  for  the 
explanation  of  the  home  teacher  or  settlement  visitor,  whom  they  knew 
and  trusted,  it  would  have  been  impossible  to  render  assistance. 

One  home  teacher  writes:  ''Many  a  family  whose  breadwinner  was 
stricken,  having  given  their  last  dollar  to  the  physician  or  pharmacy, 
have  for  the  first  time,  in  deepest  despair  and  humiliation,  received 
alms.  Often  have  they  refused  this  and  were  induced  to  accept  it  only 
when  offered  as  a  loan.  I  knew  of  certain  physicians  who  paid  for  the 
medicines,  knowing  that  it  could  not  be  repaid  along  with  his  fees. 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  35 

Most  people  have  the  impression  that  the  foreign  poor  stand  with  hands 
outstretched  to  receive  alms." 

The  one  most  encouraging  thing  shown  by  the  reports  was  the 
.splendid  spirit  of  co-operation,  and  giving  to  others  the  praise. 

In  moments  of  great  crises  we  respond  to  a  spiritual  elation 
unknown  in  the  normal  every  day  life. 


RECOMMENDATIONS. 

DISTRICT  II. 
Palo  Verde  asks  for: 

1.  Lights. 

There  is  not  enough  light  for  night  school  students  to  see,  not 
enough  for  evening  games  indoors,  and  no  use  of  the  play- 
ground at  night.  The  wiring  is  done  and  it  would  cost  $350 
to  bring  electricity. 

2.  An  auditorium. 

The  school  is  the  only  meeting  place  in  the  district  and  there 
is  no  room  adequate  to  meet  the  demand. 

3.  Better  streets. 

The  Mexicans  are  moving  to  the  more  congested  quarters.  This 
is  regrettable  because  they  have  decent  homes,  plenty  of  fresh 
air  and  sunshine. 

One  of  the  gas  company's  employes  said  he  had  taken  out  fifty 
meters. 

4.  An   extension   of  the   district  to   Broadway  to   include  Italians. 

Now   the   children  never  speak   English   except   when   in   the 
presence  of  the  teacher.. 

DISTRICT  IV. 
Cornwell  asks  for: 

1.  Home  Teacher. 

2.  Baths. 

Malabar  asks  for: 
1.  Night  school. 

The  Nurses  ask  for: 

1.  Milk. 

2.  Baths. 


36  COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 

DISTRICT  VII. 

1.  That  there  be  more  social  service  work  done  among  the  Russians. 

2.  That  duplication  of  work  be  avoided. 

There  are  girls  going  to  sewing  classes  at  House  of  Light,  Inter- 
national Institute,  Garnet  Street  Mission,  and  at  Hostetter  School. 

3.  That  a  public  playground  be  established.    The  school  playground 

is  not  open  after  school  hours. 

4.  That  the  streets  be  paved. 

There  is  a  federal  rule  that  unless  the  street  is  paved  mail  need  not 
be  delivered — and  it  is  not. 

There  is  no  milk  delivery  and  no  garbage  collection. 

It  would  be  well  if  some  of  the  rigid  sanitary  measures  of  the  army 
camp  could  be  taken  over  to  civil  life.  The  indiscriminate  dumping 
of  garbage  is  certainly  a  menace. 

5.  That  a  medical  and  dental  clinic  be  established  in  the  vicinity. 

6.  That  an  effort  be  made  to  put  different  nationalities  in  the  same 

school.     A  school  for  one  nationality  does  not  Americanize. 

7.  That  a  penny  kitchen  be  established  at  Euclid  Avenue  School. 

DISTRICT  VIII. 
Ninth  Street  School  asks  for  baths. 

DISTRICT  X. 
1.  That  a  dav  nursery  be  established  at  Hewitt  Street  School. 


As  a  result  of  the  survey,  it  was  discovered  that  agencies  which  had 
thought  of  the  city  only  in  terms  of  their  own  problems  saw  that  their 
needs  were  the  same.  The  following  recommendations,  if  they  were 
accepted,  would  increase  the  efficiency  of  all  the  workers : 

FINAL  RECOMMENDATIONS. 

1.  That  all  agencies  have  the  same  fiscal  year,  so  that  annual  reports 

will  cover  the  same  period. 

2.  That  there  be  worked  out  a  unified  system  of  districting  the  city; 

there  is  nothing  which  would  so  facilitate  co-operation  among 
the  social  agencies.  The  recent  epidemic  showed  eloquently 
what  can  be  accomplished  by  co-operation  in  a  crisis.  Why 
wait  for  crises?  There  is  a  crisis  every  day  in  the  lives  of 
these  people. 

3.  That  a  dental  clinic  be  established  where  adults  as  well  as  children 

may  be  treated.  The  Department  of  Health  and  Development 
of  the  Public  Schools  has  promised  that  the  school  clinic  would 
give  space  for  an  adult  clinic  if  the  equipment  could  be  provided. 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING. 


37 


4.  That  milk  be  distributed  to  families  on  the  recommendation  of 

the  visiting  nurse  without  other  formality.  This  preventive 
measure  would  often  avoid  sickness  and  its  concomitant  depend- 
ence. 

5.  That  some  system  of  enforced  employment  be  undertaken  by  the 

city  to  prevent  vagrancy. 

The  following  statistics  were  compiled  from  the  questionnaires  filled 
in  by  the  school  teachers : 

NATIONALITIES. 
Estimated    Numbers   in   the   Eleven    Districts. 


Nationality 

District  I  — 

District  II.. 

District  III. 

District  IV-. 

< 

District  VI. 

•District  VII 

District  VIII 

District  IX- 

District  X-- 

Dlsflrlct  XL 

F 

Austria-Hungary  
British  Isles  —    . 

15 
40 

14 
4 

2 
1 

6 

ft> 

2 
13 

17 
13 

4 

4 

4 
8 

1 
1 

18 
11 

1 

1 

84 

China                                          .    

8 

5 

44 

6 

63 

Prance  

19 

g 

1 

16 

0 

8 

fl 

5 

3 

77 

Germany      „  

15 

1 

11 

9 

4 

2 

20 

1 

101 

[taly      „  

3d 

147 

20 

25 

H 

9 

5 

22 

7 

0B 

360 

•Tapan      -                

3 

1 

7 

« 

1 

61 

46 

125 

Jews1 

138 

201 

60 

17 

32 

8 

16 

472 

Mexico      

73 

308 

13 

58 

77 

81 

107 

103 

49 

66 

244 

1,179 

Russia       .    ..    

9 

10 

36 

5 

48 

3 

2 

114 

Turkey2  .    

4 

8 

j 

1 

34 

1 

9 

2 

13 

73 

Cnited   States3        — 

•294 

55 

2 

117 

116 

29 

10 

199 

"48 

88 

12 

976 

Other  nationalities4      —     .    — 

40 

11 

1 

9 

20 

31 

18 

3 

8 

8 

161 

No  report       

37 

24 

5 

14 

1 

2 

5 

2 

14 

3 

112 

Totals   . 

781 

577 

48 

481 

381 

231 

280 

389 

129 

360 

412 

4,019 

Estimated    Percentages   in   the    Eleven    Districts. 


Nationality 

District  1... 

District  II- 

District  111. 

District  IV. 

District  V-. 

District  VI. 

District  VII 

District  VIII 

District  IX- 

District  X... 

District  XI. 

f 

Austria-Hungary             

2 

? 

4 

1 

7 

1 

1 

I 

2.1 

British  I=le= 

5 

2 

5 

3 

6 

1 

2 

s 

3.1 

China 

1 

1 

12 

1 

1.8 

France 

2 

1 

2 

3 

f. 

1 

? 

1 

91 

1.9 

Germany 

2 

2 

2 

?, 

a 

5 

1 

1 

5 

915 

[taly  

5 

» 

16 

5 

1 

3 

1 

5 

17 

2 

12 

9.2 

•Tapan 

2 

3 

1 

17 

11 

3.1 

Jews    

19 

42 

Ifl 

7 

11 

2 

2 

12 

Mexico  

10 

55 

30 

12 

21 

36 

38 

20 

38 

19 

59 

30.1 

Russia       

1 

2 

9 

2 

17 

2,9 

Purkey 

1 

2 

9 

3 

3 

1.8 

Cnited  States  .- 

42 

9 

4 

24 

31 

12 

5 

51 

37 

25 

2 

24.9 

Other  nationalities 

5 

2 

2 

1 

2 

11 

11 

4 

A 

2 

2 

4.1 

No  report  .  .     . 

5 

4 

11 

1 

3 

1 

1 

3 

2.8 

xFor  the  purposes  of  this  survey,  it  seemed  better  to  classify  the  Jewish  race  separately,  than 
to  include  them  in  their  various  nationalities. 

2Turks  include  Syrians  and  Armenians. 

3United  States  includes  Indian  and  native  colored. 

*Other  nationalities  include  Dutch,  Canadians,  Swiss,  Roumanians,  Australians,  Finns,  Poles, 
Portuguese,  Danes,  Swedes,  Norwegians,  Greeks,  Servians,  Cubans,  Persians. 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS    ANGELES. 


TABLE   1. 

Number  of  Families,  and   Number  of  Adults  and  Children  to  Family,  with  Percentage 
of  Families  with   Fewer  than   Five  Children. 


Nationality 

Number  of  adults* 

Number  of  children                          _  5 

£ 

5 

a, 
P 

i 

No  report.— 

o 

8 

W 

s 

ft 

S 

*  I  =  W 

P  '  P    1.     1 

i      i      f      * 

District    I. 
•Vustria-Hungary 

16 

40 
8 
19 
13 

2 

7 

7 
25 

6 
8 

\ 
7 
28 
4 
11 
8 
17 
1 

7 
8 
3 
5 
4 
15 

1 
4 

93 

British  Isles  .    - 

90 

China  :     — 

3 

11 

9 
26 
1 

5 
4 
9 



3 
1 
< 

1 

1     100 
84 

i 
i 
i 

3 

4 
1 

2 

I 

1 
5 
1 

__. 

•2      92 

Italy                   -    ---    

36 

.  .    88 

3 

1      50 

•Jews                      

138 
73 
9 

8 
12 

91 
32 
6 
2 
180 
24 
24 

34 
26 
3 
1 
63 
8 
6 

...!. 

2 

:,i>      «;i 
35       21 
4          4 
1          1 
219       55 
26         7 

17 
9 

1 
1 
10 
4 

]    6      86 
8    76 

Mexico               -  

._.    88 

Turkey              -  

4 

...         1      66 

United    States 

294 
40 
37 

42 
6 

7 

1  7      95.8 

..]_„_     3    as 

Other  nationalities  
Xo  report             

10O 

Totals  

District   II. 
Austria-Hungary    
British  Isles 

12 
3 

16 

1 

731 

14 
4 

88 
2 

432 

8 
1 

174 

2 
1 

3 

426 

4 

1 

195 

6 
2 

56 

4 

10    21      87.S 
71 

1    100 

China                     

Prance              -    

6 

1 

3 

1 

1    6    __ 

...    100 

Germany           -  - 

Italy               

147 

5 

=« 

59 

1 

61 

47       34 

4    1      73.9 

jews                           - 

Mexico                            

308 

33 

136 

116 

18 

5         4      110 

109 

72 

9    4      73 

Russia            

Turkty 

8 
56 

11 
24 

1 
9 

5 

5 
30 
6 
11 

2 
14 
4 
6 

1 
30 

2 
13 

2 
17 
3 
5 

5 
6 
5 
5 

—    37 

United  States 

1 
1 

1          1 

.  ...         1      88.8 

Other  nationalities  
Xo  report 

1      50 

2         1 

79 

Totals  

577 
2 

56 

282 

205 

24 

10         6 

2          1 

228 

191 

131 

13    8      74.fi 
..    1     100 

District  III. 
\ustria-Hungary 

British  Isles 

1 

1 

1 

100 

China       

France 

1 

1 

1 

..      .        100 

Germany 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

100 

Italy 

20 

11 

8    

5 

6         7 

1    60 

•Japan 

1 

1    

jews                   

Mexico    -    - 

13 

9 

3 



1 

1 

6 

2 

2 

3      80 

Russia  

Turkey   -- 

1 

1 

1 

...    100 

United  States 

2 
1 

1 

1 
1 

2 

.      __     .  100 

Other  nationalities  .. 

1 

100 

Xo  report 

5 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2    100 

Totals  - 

48         3 

23 

11    - 

8         4 

16 

11 

9 

1    .              7      75.6 

*The  family  is  considered  the  unit.    One  adult  in  family;  2  adults  in  family;  3  to  ."•  adults  in 
family,  etc.    No  child  in  family;  1  to  2  children  in  family;  3  to  4  children  in  family,  ft?. 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING. 


39 


TABLE    1— Continued. 

Number  of  Families,  and  Number  of  Adults  and  Children  to  Family,  with  Percentage 
of  Families  with   Fewer  than    Five  Children. 


Nationality 

Number  of  adults* 

Number  of  children 

Per  cent  fewer 
than  5  

| 

ba 

w 

9 
! 

0 

e 
« 

i 

2 

j 

0 

s 

t* 

S 

** 

8 

-* 

00 

s 

0 

e 

•3 

r 

55 

0 

f 

District  IV. 

6 

3 

13 

3 
8 

2 

2 
13 

2 
10 

2 

2 



— 



66 
92 

British  Isles 

25 

2 

China 

France 

16 
11 

1 

6 
3 
13 

8 
8 
9 

1 



9 

7 

5 
4 

2 

— 

— 



87 
100 
52 

Germany 

[taly                                        25 

1 

2 

7 

6 

9 

3 



jews                         --  

201 
58 
10 

9 
2 

142 

32 
7 

40 
19 
3 
1 

4. 

5 

81 
17 
3 

85 
18 
7 
1 

33 

19 

2 

3 

..... 

82 
62 
100 
100 
88 
66 
75 

81 

100 
92 

Mexico 

1 

Russia 

Turkey                        _    

1 

L'nited  States 

117 
6 

8 

66 
4 

40 
2 

3 

69 

35 
4 

10 

2 

2 

1 

Other  nationalities 

Xo  report           5 

2 

2 

1 
3 

..... 

1 

...-. 

1 

2 

1 





1 

Totals                .    

481 

2 
13 

22 

1 

2 

291 
9 

147 

18 

1 
1 

209 

1 

5 

179 

1 

7 

80 

7        4 

1 

District  V. 
Austria-Hungary       

British  Isles         .  

1 



1 



China 

Francs              

6 

3 
6 
2 

1 
1 
3 



2  . 
1 

2 

2 

1 
6 

1    

2 
1 

4 

75 
100 

Germany 

9 
5 

1 

[taly  

1    

Japan     .    -.  —    

Jews       

60 
77 

3fi 

2 
9 

40 
40 
21 
24 
68 
5 
9 

15 
24 
13 

7 
27 
3 
4 

2 
2 

1 
1 

1 

1 

2 
2 
2 
10 

17 
21 
3 
2 
62 
3 
8 

33 
20 
16 
15 
29 
2 
3 

10 

23 
12 
13 
14 

4 
1 

83 
60 
55.8 
51 
84 
55 
84.6 

Mexico 

1 

4 
2 
3 
2 

1 

2 
1 
7 

Russia 

Turkey                                      3-t 

United  States  

116 
9 
14 

10 

1 

J 

Other  nationalities  
No  report        —  

i 

2 

_: 

1 

1 

Totals 

381 

17 
13 

25 
1 

227 

10 

7 

99 

6 
4 

9 

1 

1 

21 

— 

126 

6 

8 

133 

7 
4 

78 
3 

13 

1 
1 

3 

26 

73.5 

76 
92 

District  VI. 
Austria-Hungary    . 
British  Isles 

China       .    

France  --    .  

3 

22 
9 

1 
1 

1 

17 
6 
1 
11 
47 
5 

1 
3 
3 
1 
1 
26 



3 

100 
71 
66 
100 
70 
49 
100 
100 
75 
83 
100 

68 

Germany    .. 

1 

9 
3 
1 
7 
19 
3 

6 
3 
2 
5 
20 
2 
1 

5 
3 

5 
36 

1 
4 

\ 
4 

2 

Italy       -.    -.  _    — 

— 



Japan      ..    .    . 

7 
17 
81 
5 

J 

3 

2 
3 

4 
2 

Jews    

Mexico 



Russia   ._  _  -  -.    _. 

.Turkey 

1 

] 

L'nited  States  
Other   nationalities   
Xo  report      .. 

29 
26 
1 

1 

20 
16 

8 
4 
1 

2 

1 
3 

— 

10 
11 
1 

11 
9 

« 
4 

1 



1 
2 

Totals  .. 

IS 

Wl 

141 

58         9 

11 

81 

70 

«?. 

8 

10 

40 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


TABLE   1— Continued. 

Number  of  Families,  and  Number  of  Adults  and  Children  to  Family,  with   Percentage 
of  Families  with  Fewer  than  Five  Children. 


Nationality 

Number  of  adults*                                    Number  of  children 

~«? 

D*-i 

Ss 
1 

f 

r 

to 

s 

Ol 

a 
f 

No  report-— 

0 

s 

tO 

CO 

s 

01 

S 

-* 

8  to  10  

10  plus  

No  report  — 

District   VII. 

4 
4 

— 

2 
2 

2 

2 

3 

4 

1 

100 
100 

British   Isles   

Fiance    .  

6 

3 
7 
3 

3 
8 
2 

i 



3 

7 
4 

3 

7 
1 

7  :::::::::::::: 

100 
87 
100 

Germany        -     -- 

16 

Italy 

5 

japan 

I. 

32 
107 
48 
9 
16 
31 
2 

4 

2 
1 
B 
1 

15 
59 
30 
5 
9 
19 
1 

10 
39 
13 
1 
2 
8 
1 

91 

1 

3 

i 

2 
2 

! 

i 

2 

16 
30 
9 
3 
6 
14 
1 

13         1 
35       33 
13       24 
3    

5    
11         4 
1 

2 
2 

2 
4 

96.6 
64.7 
43 
100 
100 
75 
50 

73 

100 
87 
100 
100 
100 
30 
100 
100 
69 
100  • 

Mexico    - 

3 

4 
2 

2 



Turkey 

1 
1 



United  States 

2 
8 

2 

1 
7 
1 

No  report         -    

5 



Ttotals 

280 

4 
g 

19 

155 

2 
3 

100 

2 
4 

93 

1 
3 

64 

g 

1 

10 
1 

District  VIII. 

Austria-Hungary       

Briti«h  Isle« 

China 

1 

4 

5 

8 

1 
4 

I 

4 

4 

IE 

3 

2 
3 
4 

1 
4 
2 
3 

11 

3 



Italy 

21 
6 

5 

*] 

8 



a 

2 
45 

1 

5 
39 

i 

Mexico 

103 
3 

9 
1 

4 

! 

33 
1 

33 

1 

24         6 

1 

Turkey        -    

United  States 

199 
18 
5 

33 
1 

94 
9 
4 

61 
6 
1 

5 

1 

8 
1 

20 

2 
5 



127 
4 
3 

40 
6 
1 

21 
1 

9 
2 

83.6 
93.7 
80 

Other  nationalities 

Vo  report 



Totals  _-.  

389 
1 

49 

179 

129 
1 

12 

7 

194 

95 
1 

58 

9 

2 

24 

81 

100 
100 

District  IX. 
Austria-Hungary 

British  Isles      ...    

1 

1 

1 

China       ._    

France 

Germany       .    .. 

2 

22 
1 

1 
2 

1 
13 

2 

1 

100 
40 

[taly  

7 
1 



1 

2 

6 

13 





Japan   .  _    

•Jews  

Mexico       

49 

4 

27 

18 

1 

10 

19 

18 

1 

61 

Russia 

Turkey   

United    States   
Other  nationalities  
No  report       ... 

48 
3 
2 

8 

26 
2 

2 

14 

1 

—  '- 

1 

2 

20 

2 
1 

16 

1 

6 





4 

86 
100 
50 

1 

Totals  

1 

6 

129 

16 

70 

42 



36 

43 

88 

1 



5 

68.5 

COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING. 


41 


TABLE   1— Continued. 

Number  of  Families,  and  Number  of  Adults  and  Children  to  Family,  with  Percentage 
of  Families  with  Fewer  than   Five  Children. 


Nationality 

Number  of  adults* 

Number  of  children 

Per  cent  fewer 
than  5  

r 

to 

M 

S 
cx 

I 

5  plus  

No  report-— 

1  to  2  

• 

S 
* 

01 
S 

-* 

8  to  10  

10  plus  

No  report-  ~ 

District  X. 

18 

7 

10 

1 

13 
6 
13 
2 
10 
9 
27 
6 
29 
2 

4 
j 

19 

1 
4 

27 
9 
16 

1 
1 
3 

100 
100 
80 
100 
100 
100 
93 
94 
71 
100 
100 
93.8 
100 
100 

87.7 

100 
100 
60 
100 
100 
88 
80 

British  I=le« 

11 
44 
3 

6 

7 

3 
14 
2 
U 
3 
36 
12 
27 
1 

1 

14 
1 
4 
2 
16 
4 
25 
1 

1 
4 

3 

1 



China 

5 

8 

Germany        ~  .      

20 
7 
61 
16 

1 
1 
1 

1 
9 

1 

1 

4 

4 
1 
13 





2 
3 

[taly 

Japan                    -       

2 

Mexico 

66        7 
2 

3 

4 



5 



3 

Turkey 

2 
88 

14 
360 

1 

2 

24 

3 

2 

United    States 

40 
5 
f, 

19 
2 
3 

2 

3 
1 

5 

50 
4 

14 
g 

2 

4 



7 
1 
3 

Othir  nationalities  
No  report 

2 

1 

7 

3   



Totals 

52 

170 
1 

102 

17 

19 

11 

182 

102 
1 

32 

9 

24 

District  XI. 

Austria-Hungary  _    

British  Isles      _    .    . 

2 
6 
12 
1 

1 
2 
1 

1 
4 

7 
1 

2 

China                    

3 

8 

1         1 
4    

1 

1 

France              -    

4 





2 

Germany 

Italy    

63 
46 

3 
1 

51 
36 

8 
8 

1 
1 

::::: 

37 
17 

17         5 
20         8 

2 

...-. 

Japan   .  -.            -    

Jews            .    

Mexico  
Russia 

244 
1 

36 

142 

59 

6 

j 

2 

82 

86 

47 

9 



19 

1 

75 

46 

100 
100 
100 

Turkey   

13 

12 
8 
7 
s 

1 



2 

2 
7 
4 
1 

4 
3 
3 

7 





United  States     

12 
8 
3 

4 
1 

Other  nationalities  
No  report       

-  — 









1 
1 

Totals 

2         4 

412 

49 

273 

80 

S 

163 

140       68 

12 

1 

24 

79 

42 


COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


TABLE  1— Concluded. 


Number  of  Families,  and  Number  of  Adults  and  Children  to  Family,  with  Percentage 
of    Families   with    Fewer   Than    Five   Children. 

SUMMARY. 


Nationality 

Total 

Per  cent 
with 
fewer  than 
5  children 

Austria  Hungary  —  -    -      

84 

86.4 

British  Isles 

12"> 

9-2.5 

China 

63 

86 

France 

77 

!>1.8 

Germany 

101 

86.3 

Italy  .         .    .       .  _    —  

360 

70.7 

japan                                                     •                                      --            _^ 

IK 

>7  7 

•lews     -         -       -       

472 

82.5 

Mexico 

1  17'.) 

Russia           -  _  -.                  --  -        -      -  - 

m 

61.8 

Turkey     -  -  _.  

73 

•  n.» 

United  States                                   .. 

976 

90.6 

Oth.r  nationalities                          -  ^_  --    

161 

82.7 

No  report                                                                               --             

112 

76.6 

Totals                                                                           - 

4,019 

79.+ 

However  lacking  in  contact  knowledge,  everybody  pictures  the 
Ghetto,  Little  Italy,  and  the  Mexican  quarter  as  dirty  spots  with  tumble- 
down shacks  and  swarming  with  children. 

Contrary  to  these  preconceived  opinions,  79.4  per  cent  of  the  for- 
eigners in  this  district  have  fewer  than  5  children. 

This  is,  however,  no  doubt  due  to  the  high  percentage  of  infant 
mortality.  According  to  this  table  the  Turks.  Russians,  Mexicans  and 
Italians,  in  the  order  given,  have  the  largest  families. 


COMMISSION    OF    IMMIGRATION    AND 


43 


TABLE  2. 
Families  Classified    by    Length   of   Residence   in   State   and   Naturalization. 


Nationality 

Length  of  residence 

Naturalization 

3 

£ 

Less  than  1  year... 

1  to  3  years  

4  to  5  years  

6  to  10  years  

10  years  or  more... 

No  report  

9 

Per  cent  

f 

No  report  

District    1. 

15 

1 
7 

10 
13 
2 
6 
5 
14 
2 
70 
17 
4 
2 

4 

19 
fl 
12 
7 
17 
1 
46 
45 
4 
1 

8 
27 

72.7 
84 

3 
5 

4 

8 

Rrit'«li  I«]°e 

40 

1 

China 

8    

19    

1 
2 
4 

9 
S 
19 

90 
100 
73 

1 

"  7 

9 

7 
10 

Germany 

1.1    

1 
1 

Italy                            --              --        

36 

3 

Jews                      _       

138 
73 

1 

4 
3 

1 

5 
2 

12 
6 

73 
11 
5 
2 

76.8 
34 
92 
100 

22 
21 
3 

43 

41 

1 
2 

0 

Turk'-v                                    •    --      - 

4 

1 

Unlt°d  'state* 

?94 

Oth°r  nationalities              -           - 

40         1 
37 

3         2 

3 

18 

1 

13 
36 

17 

82.9 

10 

13 
37 

Tota'« 

731 
14 

0 

13 

11 

37 

2 

163 

5 
3 

211 

7 

1 

179 

4 

•2 

71 

57 
100 

72 
3 

175 

7 
2 

District   II. 

British  I«l°s 

4 

Franc0                       -      --  

A 

1 

' 

3    .— 

3           3 

Italy 

147 

1 

8 

14 

24 

103 

34 

51.5 

32         81 

Japan                --       -  -         



Mexico                                          -    -  

808 

9 

14 

13 

23 

43 

201 

12        11 

94 

202 

Russia           -              -        -  -  — 

8 

2 

6 

. 

1 

7 

United  States                

55 

n 

1 

in 

•21 

3 

100 

8 
20 

No  report                              -- 

24 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Totals                           -               

577 

2 

9 

17 

22 

44 

78 
1 

352 

1 

55 

1 

14 
100 

135 

330 

1 

1 

District  III. 
Austria-Hungary 

British  Tsl<>s                      --    - 

1.1 

China 

Franc0 

1 

1 

1 

Germany 

1 

1 

1 
1 

100 
10 

Italy                           -    - 

20 

1 

2 

3 

14 

1 

9 

10 

japan 

1 

Jews 

Mexico 

13 

4 

2 

7 

2 

33 

4 

7 

Russia 

Turkey 

j 

1 

I.  1 

1 

Unit°d  States 

2 

::  "    ~ 

Other  nationalities 

1 

1 

1 

No  report 

5 

5 
2fi 

Totals  — 

48 

5 

2 

3 

6 

5        21 

14 

44 


COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


TABLE  2— Continued. 
Families  Classified   by   Length   of   Residence  in  State  and   Naturalization. 


Nationality 

Length  of  residence 

Naturalization 

Total--  

Less  than  1  year... 

1  to  3  years  

4  to  5  years  

6  to  10  years  

10  years  or  more  — 

No  report  

Per  cent  

o" 

No  report  

District  IV. 

8 

1 
2 

3 
16 

2 
6 

2 
22 

33 
100 

4 

i 

2 
4 

22 
5 
2 

British   Isles                                         

25 

1 

16 

2 

14 
7 
16 

1 
3 

11 
11 

9 

78.5 
100 

42.8 

3 

Germany                   

11 

1 
1 

2 
5 

Italy                              -                   

25 

Jews      -  

201 
58 
10 



5 
3 

9 
8 

88 

15 

2 
1 

13 
30 
7 

18 
7 
1 

102 
28 
2 

56.8 
52.3 
25 

77 
25 
6 

1 

Mexico       

Russia                

1 

Unit°d  States      -  

117 

Oth°r  nationalities             —          

6 

1 

1 

2 
2 

2 
3 

2 

1 

50 

50 

2 

1 

2 

8 

Vo  report                            -    -  

5 

Totals      --      

481 

8 

18 

67 
1 

no 

1 

8 

43 

1 
3 

190 

1 
4 

59 

50 
100 

131 

1 

43 
9 

District  V. 

Austria-Hungary      - 

2 

British  Isles      -  —    

13 

1 

China          --    -    

France    _               -  

0 





1 

1 
1 

3 
6 
1 

2 
2 

2 

4      100 
5        83 
1        25 

1 
3 

2 
3 
1 

Germany                    ..        

9 

5 

Italy                    -  -    —  -  _. 

1 

Japan          -    

jews        --    

60 

1 

1 

to  co  -»  en 

12 
4 
14 

8 

28 
18 
11 

7 

14 
44 
8 
10 

28 
12 
1 
3 

63 
25.5 
5.5 
23 

15 
35 
17 
10 

19 
30 
18 
21 

Mexico       

77 
36 

3 

Russia 

Turkey          

34 

United  States         

116 

Oth°r  nationalities       

9 

4 
3 

5 
9 

2 



50 

2 
1 

5 
13 

No  report 

14 

1 

1 

Totals      .-    

881 
17 

3 

8 

26 

1 

1 

48 

7 
4 

90 

6 
3 

100 

3 
5 

59 

10 
8 

40.9 

66.6 

88.8 

85 

5 

1 

121 

2 

4 

District  VI. 

Austria-Hungary         

British  Isles                   

IS 

China      —          

France       —    —       

3 

2 
12 
3 
5 
15 
41 
4 

1 
4 

3 
1 

2 

27 
1 

2 
13 
3 

_ 

100 
86.8 
42.8 

"  2 
4 

1 
7 
2 

Germany       .  --  .       

22 
9 





2 

4 
3 

1 

Italy 

Japan   -  -    

1 

Jews            -.      -    

17 

7 
14 

1 

50 

29.7 
33 

7 
33 
2 
1 

8 
34 
2 

Mexico    .  -_  

81 

5 

1 

3 

1 

8 

Russia         —    - 

Turkey         

1 

1 

United  States      --      

29 

8 
1 

64 

Other  nationalities  .  

26 

5 

14 

7       12 
1 

75 

6 

Xo  report 

1 

Totals  - 

231        1 

3 

5 

33 

105 

55       70 

53 

61 

COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING. 


45 


TABLE  2— Continued. 
Families  Classified   by   Length   of   Residence  in  State  and   Naturalization. 


Nationality 

Length  of  residence 

Naturalization 

I 

Less  Ulan  1  year... 

1  to  3  years  

4  to  5  years  

6  to  10  years  

10  years  or  more..  . 

No  report  

1 

No  report  

District  VII. 
Austria-Hungary       

4 

4 

2 



4 
4 

100 
100 

—  - 

British  Isles  

4 



1 



1 



China    _ 

France    —    

a 

4 
10 

4 

2 
S 

1 

2 

10 

4 

100 

76.8 
100 

8 

4 
3 
1 

Germany                  .    _. 

16 



1 

2 

Italy    

5 

Japan       

Jews    

32 

4 
1 

3 
47 
16 

4 

23 
27 
21 
3 

6 

22 
10 
2 

21 
7 
0 

84 
8.6 
20.6 
28 

4 

74 
23 
5 

T 
29 

19 
2 

Mexico       --    . 

107 
48 

1 

6 

Russia      -  

Turkey    

9 

United  States 

16 

Other  nationalities  

31 

2 

2 

23 

1 

4 

1 

as 

2 

100 
100 



5 

No  report  

2 

Totals        .              

280 
4 

1 

7 

8 

1 

2 

75 

1 
4 
1 

122 

2 
1 

51 

1 
2 

88 

2 
4 

44.6 

66.6 
57 

109 

1 
3 
..... 

9 

67 

1 

1 

3 
3 
7 

District  VIII. 
Austria-Hungary       --         

British  Isles      

8 

China       --                    ... 

5 
5 

2 

France    

1 

4 
3 
4 

1 

1        50 
1       25 
5       35.7 

Germany 

4 

1 

Italy 

21 

1 

2 

4 
4 

11 

Japan 

6 

Jews      -...__       .    .  

8 
103 
3 

1 
17 

1 
8 

2 
20 

2 
13 

2 
43 
3 

5 
5 
1 

100 
9 
50 

3 
48 

1 

Mexico    _    . 

2 

50 

Russia  --  

Turkey       ..  .    

United  States  

199 

Other  nationalities        .          

18 
5 

1 

3 

2 



5 

7 
6 

2 

40 

3 

13 

5 

Xo  report  .  -    

Totals                            

389 
1 

5 

22 

16 

37 

35 

75 

1 
1 

26 

27.6 

68 

86 

1 
1 

District  IX. 

1 

China 

Germany 

2 

2 

2 

11 

Italy              .      .. 

22 

1 

2 

2 

2 

15         6 

54.5 

5 

japan          -      

1 

Mexico       -      -    

49 

3 

7 

5 

9 

25 

3 

18.7 

18 

S3 

Russia         

Turkey       —    ..      ... 

United  States  

48 

1 
2 

Other  nationalities     -- 

3 

1 



2 

9 

1 

60 

1 

Xo  report 

2 

Totals  - 

ra 

5 

9 

7 

13 

47       10 

84          19 

5' 

46 


COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


TABLE  2— Continued. 
Families   Classified    by    Length   of   Residence   in   State  and   Naturalization. 


Nationality 

Length  of  residence 

Naturalization 

| 

Less  than  1  year... 

1  to  3  years  -  

Mo  r,  years  

G  to  10  years  

10  years  or  more  

No  report-  —  —  -  . 

3 

f 

Per  cent  

X 

o 

"/. 

r 

District  X. 

Austria-Hungary          -    

18 

7 

7 

2 
8 
6 
1 
4 
1 
14 
7 
9 
1 

2 
3 
21 
2 
11 

4 

7 
45 

5 
8 

38 

88.8 

8 

1 

5 

2 

British   Isles 

11 

China          -              —  --      --    

44 
3 

1 

10 

2 

4 

3 

7 

3 

100 

70 

75 

GTmany                          --  - 

20 

1 

1 

3 
2 
6 

2 

a 

3         10 
1          3 

Italy 

7 

61 

16 

1 

3 

1 

8 

7 
1 
2 

80 
38.8 
100 

100 

n 

11 

6 

48 
1 

Mexico      -  --  

66 

5 

1 
1 

Russia 

2 

Turkey 

2 

2 

Unit°d  States 

88 

Oth°r  nationalities                          -    

8 

1 

3 

4 

14 

3 

100 

5 
14 

Xo  rpport 

14 

Totals       --                  -  - 

151 
1 

380 
1 

2 

19 

14 

30 

56 

47 

84 

26 

at 

i 
i 

District  XI. 

Austria-Hungary                            --    

British    Isles 

2 

1 

1 

6 



China          -.       

6 

France                    

12 

1 

3 

5 

a 

i 

5 

83 

1 

6 

r 

26 

Germany                                        

1 

Italy       --       

63 
43 

2 
2 

1 
2 

3 

1 

10 
20 

18 
20 

29 
1 

18 

43 

21 

Japan               --  -  _ 

Jews    .    .    -_    

Mexico    _    

244 
1 

6 

22 

32 

60 

51 

73 

1 

U 

7.8 

141 

91 

1 
8 

Russia     —  .  

Turkey   -      „          

13 

2 

4 

17 

2 

40 

3 

United  States      _-- 

12 

Other  nationalities  

8 

1 

3 

4 

1 

3 

1 

75 
50 

1 
1 

4 

1 

No  report  ..                    

3 

1 

1 

Totals 

102 

412 

10 

27 

37 

9i 

138 

39 

13.7 

168 

140 

COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING. 


47 


TABLE  2— Concluded. 

Families  Classified   by   Length   of   Residence  in  State  and   Naturalization. 

SUMMARY. 


Nationality 

Totals 

Per  cent 

Austria-Hungary        .    

84 

59.6 

British    Isles 

122 

87.7 

China    -      -  — 

93 

France       .    ™___  -  

77 

80.4 

Germany       --       --    

101 

8«.l 

Italy       .-  -  . 

390 

47.1 

•lapan            -    -    _ 

125 

.h  us          j  ._     

472 

65.5 

Mexico    —    .      . 

1,179 

18.4 

Russia       -      -  --  -  

114 

24.6 

Turkey       

73 

34  3 

United  States  

976 

Other  nationalitiQs            -    

161 

73  1 

\o   r°port                 _        

112 

33  3 

Totals          —  ---  .  - 

4  019 

27  1 

According  to  this  table,  the  Mexicans,  Russians,  Turks  and  Italians, 
in  order  given,  have  the  fewest  number  naturalized,  and  the  British 
Isles,  Germans  and  French,  the  largest. 

The  total  in  all  districts  is  27  per  cent.  A  little  more  than  one- 
fourth  of  our  foreigners  naturalized !  And  43.9  per  cent  of  them  have 
been  here  over  10  years.  Is  it  an  arraignment — of  them  or  of  us  ? 


48 


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54 


COMMUNITY   SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


TABLE  3— Concluded. 

Families   Classified    by    Literacy,   Schooling,   Use   of    Library,    Etc.,   with    Percentages. 

SUMMARY. 


Nationality 


Totals 


Per  cent 
able  to 
read  schooling 


Per  cent 
using 
library 


\Vishins 
hooks 


Austria-Hungary    81 

British  Isles _._ 122 

China    63 

France 77 

Germany   101 

Italy 360 

Japan   125 

Jew 472 

Mexico    1,179 

Russia  114 

Turkey    73 

United    States    976 

Other  nationalities  161 

No  report  112 

Totals    - 4,019 


60.2 
96.1 
51.0 
65.6 
88.6 
50.3 


45.6 
45.9 
56.2 
96.5 
78.2 
84.3 


27.5 
22.3 
23.0 
18.1 
14.0 
25.0 
20.5 
32.2 
34.7 
28.7 
14.6 
18.9 
28.6 
12.9 


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44.5 
41.6 
31.9 
44.4 
34.4 
31.6 
46.7 
40.9 
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41.4 
33.3 


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94.4 

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90.0 


26.8 


38.8 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  55 

According  to  the  table  on  the  preceding  page,  the  Mexicans,  Russians, 
Italians,  Chinese,  Turks,  in  order  given,  have  the  smallest  number  who 
can  read  and  write  English ;  and  the  Americans,  British  Isles,  Germans 
and  Jews  the  greatest  number. 

Sixty-nine  and  six-tenths  per  cent,  a  little  over  two-thirds  of  all  the 
foreigners  can  read  and  write  English. 

The  Mexicans,  Japanese,  Russians  and  Austrians  have  the  largest 
number  attending  night  school;  the  Germans,  Turks,  French  and  Ameri- 
cans the  smallest. 

Total  is  26.8  per  cent,  a  little  over  one-fourth,  but  the  interest  of 
school  officials  in  night  schools  is  growing.  They  have  discovered,  too, 
that  unless  there  are  specially-prepared  teachers,  gifted  in  some  measure 
with  sympathy  and  the  foreigner's  point  of  view,  night  schools  avail 
little. 

The  Turks,  Russians  and  Japanese  use  the  library  least;  the  Ameri- 
cans, Jews,  Austrians,  British  Isles  and  Germans  most;  40.9  per  cent 
of  the  Mexicans,  and  38.8  per  cent  of  all  the  foreigners. 

This  is  rather  illuminating,  considering  the  foreigner's  handicaps 
and  the  library's  handicaps  as  regards  the  foreigner,  when  we  compare 
it  with  an  approximate  26.2  per  cent  of  the  native  Americans  who  use 
the  library. 

The  smallest  number  who  wished  books  were  Chinese,  Mexicans  and 
Austrians;  the  largest  number,  Japanese,  British  Isles,  Turks  and 
Russians. 

The  total  83.8  per  cent !  The  foreigner  may  not  be  so  sodden  as  we 
think. 


56 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


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61 


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District  XI. 
Austria-Hungary  __  

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i 

COMMUNITY    Sl'RVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


TABLE  4— Concluded. 

Totals   for    Eleven    Districts   Classified    by    Employment    and    Permanency   of   Service. 

SUMMARY. 


Nationality 


Totals 


Per  cent 
regularly 
employed 


Austria-Hungary  .. 

British  Isles 

China  

France    

Germany    

Italy  

Japan    

Jews   

Mexico  __ . 

Russia    

Turkey    

United  States 

Other  nationalities 
No  report  

Totals   


84 
122 

33 

77 
101 
360 
125 
472 
1,179 
114 

73 
976 
151 
112 


67.9 

6Q.3 

61.2 

62.5 

80.4 

56.6 

50.4 

09.2 

36.6 

62.8 

49 

58.2 

58.5 

50 


4,019 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING.  63 


Smallest  number  regularly  employed,  in  order,  are  Mexicans,  Turks. 
Japanese;  largest  number,  Germans,  Jews,  Austrians.  The  total  54.5 
per  cent.  Over  one-half  of  the  district  employed  only  at  intervals ! 
And  the  unemployment  interval  may  be  longer  than  the  employed. 

The  slogan  of  Los  Angeles  is,  "The  city  where  nature  helps  industry 
most."  We  must  make  it,  "The  city  where  industry  helps  humanity 
most." 

According  to  the  classification,  there  are: 

27.7  per  cent  in  class  1. 
32.1  per  cent  in  class  2. 
20  per  cent  in  class  3. 
14  per  cent  in  class  4. 
1.7  per  cent  in  class  5. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  there  are  more  in  class  2  than  in  class  1. 


64 


COMMUNITY    S1RVEY    OF    LOS    ANGELES. 


UJ    a 


Number  of  persons5 

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No  report  -  

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Percentage  

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0 

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Othi'r  nationalitil's  „ 

COMMISSION    OF    IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING. 


65 


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3 

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ted  States  

ler  nationalities  . 

3 
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1:1 


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III 


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—    5   - 


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5  &  c 


5  nS  o 
SPOS?; 


66 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS    ANGELES. 


TABLE  5—  Continued. 
Totals  Classified  by  Ownership  of  Homes,  with  Per  Cents,  Type  of  Dwelling,  Number  of  Rooms  and  Number  of  Persons. 

* 

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1 

No  report  — 

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3 

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4           

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United  States  .. 

COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING. 


67 


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, 
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Totals  

Percentage  . 

68 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


7;     o 


UJ    .JS 


2 
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^    t-    T— 

C-l 

CO    ?1    "X 

IS  «-l  CO 

57  =  ? 

oc 

"  S 

r— 
5-" 

e 

Booming 
house  

t- 

CO 

1 
Multiple  

1  family  

rl 

* 

B- 

s 

s» 

CM 

I! 

P 

2  * 

1* 

i-' 

Homes 

No  report  

*" 

rH 
CO    rH 

CS1 

i? 

CN 

10 

1 

t-  O  *  frJ 

1 

'"•  !?  ?  3  ~ 

Renters  

— 

Ow»iers  —  ,— 

rt 

rn   00 

r-l 

0 

BJ 

T-H 

r-l              <N  i- 

Totals     - 

1-1 

1-1 

-s- 

9 

M  CO 

CN 

s 

a 

— 

•u 
M 

C^ 

? 

**  0  S  5        £ 

Nationality 

District  IX. 

Aiistria-Hiinirarv  -- 

a 

s 

f 

t 
= 

£ 

>• 
c 

1 
i 

> 

5: 

^ 

CJ 

| 

« 

£ 

1 

i 

B 

H 

| 

£ 

Other  nationalitlis  _. 

O 

§ 

0 
^5 

_« 

i 
£ 

i 

0! 
= 
1 

ft 

District  X. 

Austria-Hunearv  . 

— 

a 

G 

= 

f 

i 

£ 

> 

e 

s 

s 

c 

> 

C          ?    " 
r.    -r.  •-  ~. 
—   £•?    i. 
~  .i   J=~ 

Turkey  ..  _. 

L'llited  States  _. 

COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING. 


69 


?!        1 

53 

- 

IN  (N 

•«! 

H      i      p 

* 

rt 

00 

CO 

CO 

as 

t- 

O  frl 

CO   1-1 

S 

CO 

^ 

7 

"-1 

ae 

CXI 

1—1 
IH 

1-H    »    C-l 

2 

IH 

S 

— 

CO 

in 

OS  co 

C5   t- 

M 

eo  M  N  c» 

!  co     j  1-1 

8 

-  "- 

CO 

"    -1 

,H    rH 

Ci  00 

S 

N  M  (N 

E 

"  -' 

1  JJ 

•" 

t-    CO 

t- 

•>*   1-1      i 

g 

s 

e-i 

s 

" 

co 

.-    M 

B 

C-l    N    ri 

8 

^ 

«-!   i-l   CO 

£ 

cc 

B 

iH    CO 

00 
1-1 

j   t-t       J 

i              i 

a 

- 

ft-i 

(M 

CO    i- 

CO  N  CM  c« 

j- 

frl  b- 

- 

e 

05   JH 

a 

i-    CO       1 

3 

•*      j 

S 

"•    ! 

M  00 

8 

,-     j  co 

00 

e> 

— 

| 

r 

«  t-  M  i-i 

-- 

coM 

S-l  frj 

•*  d 

«* 

9 

tl    .-    CI    71 

g 

50  ^ 

IS                        r- 

- 

"**«>'- 

88 

2  *" 

rH                 " 

- 

1-1 

£ 

K 

* 

« 

•  • 

~ 

^H     tl 

feS 

a: 

: 

*.« 

<M   i- 

3- 

r 

77    -M    y    t- 

7-1       1 

•/ 

"« 

c 
c 

r 

B. 

^ 

n 
I 

E 

0 

>  Z 

_a 

• 

j 

= 

! 

District  XI. 

\n<ir!,,_Hiin<rn7-i7 

•» 

1 
1 

fl 

•          - 
i      I- 

:  . 

g 

. 

: 
;   : 

! 

;     ; 

:  & 

ij 

•* 

i          53 

!-  S.  ° 
Is  "» 

8^ 
rs  i 

|S5 

! 
1 

=  t"; 
•  -s  5 

.   u  £ 

Isl 

oth  r  nationalities  ..  
No  report  .  

CJ 

M 
OS 

70 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


TABLE  5— Concluded. 


Totals  Classified  by  Ownership  of  Homes,  with  Per  Cents,  Type  of  Dwelling,   Number 
of   Rooms  and   Number  of  Persons. 

SUMMARY. 


Nationality 
Austria-Hungary    _    

Totals 
84 

Percentage 
owning 
homes 

34.6 

British  Isles  -                    -    -. 

122 

27.5 

China      _.__                                                                  _--. 

63 

France                                                                         .». 

77 

40  5 

Germany 

101 

34.7 

Italy 

360 

33.7 

Japan   _.  -_  .                  -  

125 

4.7 

Jews       -            --    -_       -  --    -           

472 

^S.a 

Mexico 

1,179 

154 

Ku£S-ia   -      --                  —  

114 

62.7 

Turkey           -  -                 --                   -    -      - 

73 

31.0 

United    States                                                j.    .                         - 

976 

206 

Other  nationalities 

161 

31.1 

No  report  -    -    -    ..      -    -  

112 

15.0 

Total  and  per  cent  average  owning  homes    

4,019 

23.4 

Percentage  living  in  on~-family  dwellings  

65.7 

This  table  shows  that  the  smallest  number  who  own  their  homes  are 
Chinese  (none),  Japanese,  Mexican  and  Americans  (20.6)  ;  the  largest 
number  are  Russians,  French,  Germans  and  Austrians. 

Total  23.4  per  cent — but  that  is  more  than  the  native  American. 

Sixty-five  and  seven-tenths  per  cent  live  in  one-family  dwellings.  At 
first  thought  this  seems  ideal.  Insufficient  room,  water,  light,  heat,  toilet 
facilities,  squalor  in  all  its  aspects  seem  to  attach  to  tenements.  But 
after  looking  at  some  of  the  shacks  (which  read  well  as  "one-family 
dwellings")  and  the  disreputable  house  courts,  the  condition  did  not 
seem  so  ideal. 


COMMISSION*   OF    IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING. 


71 


TABLE   6. 


Nationality 

Totals  

1  to  2  rooms 

3  rooms 

More  than  3 
rooms 

No  report  

1  to  2  persons. 

0 

3 

More  than  7 
persons  

1  to  4  persons- 

5  to  8  persons- 

More  than  8 
persons  

1  to  4  persons- 

5  to  8  persons- 

More  than  8 
persons  

District    1. 

15 

| 

1 

4 

8 

British   Isl°«                     -    

40         1 
8    .... 

10 



5 
1 

1 



7 
3 
1 
1 

7 

n 
i 

B 

8 
18 
1 
78 
17 
1 
3 
60 
11 
3 

1 
1 
1 

4 

2 
1 

19    

8 

15    

4 

2 

Italy                                        --    

36    

2 

4 

1 



1 

1 
5 
15 
1 

3 

1 
7 
2 

3    

188    

1* 

4 

5 

7 
8 
4 

2 

25 

g 
3 
1 

63 
7 

8 

73 
9 

3 

13 

—  - 

Turkey                              

4 

United    States              -      

294       12 
40 

40 
2 

—  -. 

54 
4 

17 
1 

6 
3 

42 
12 
4 

37 
731 

14 

1 

11 

10 

Total*                                           

17 

96 
1 



97 

40 
1 

2 

138 
1 

228 

6 

2 

35 

4 
1 

78 
1 

District   II. 

British  Isle" 

1 

China                           ._                   

S      

1 

3 

1 

1 

Italy 

147 

2 

13 

6 

22 

62 

20 

10 

308         6 

63 

5 

14 

27 

9 

33 

99 

51 

1 

Turkey             -        -      

g 

1 

1 

1 
14 
1 
3 

5 
16 

4 
7 

United  Stat°s 

55 

5 

5 
1 

2 



5 
3 
4 

8 
2 
4 

Oth°r  nationalities                    -      -    

11 

24 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Totals          --          --              

577 
2 

6 

75 

6 

38 

39 

10 

75 

201 

94 

33 

2 

1 

District  III. 

Austria-Hungary                               

British   Isles 

1 

China          .-    -—  

Franc0          -         -         

1 

1 

1 

1 
11 
1 

Italy 

20 

2 

1 

4 

2 

japan                      -      -            -    -- 

1 

13 

1 

1 

2 



1 

2 



6 

Turkey 

1 

1 

United    States 

2 

1 

1 

Oth°r  nationalities                        --      

1 

1 

MTo   report 

5 

1 

1 

3 
28 

1 

Total.*                            --         

4 

48 
6 

1 

5 

3 

1 
8 

7 

4 
15 

2 

1 
1 

District   IV. 

Austria-Hungary        -            

British   Isles                 -- 

25 

China       --    -  -      - 

France 

M 

1 

4 
5 

I 

10 
4 
10 

1 

~Y 

1 
1 

Germany     -..  -  .     11    !__.     

1 

Italy           .-     ..  25    

1 

Japan          -.    -  --  -    —    .  

Jews    .                                                           ..    201    .              1    - 

12 

4 

40 

109 

16 

19 

72 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY   OF   LOS    ANGELES. 


TABLE   6— Continued. 


Nationality 

Totals  

1  to  2  rooms               3  rooms 

More  than  3 
rooms 

No  report  

1  to  2  persons. 

I!  to  7  persons 

More  than  7 
persons  

S 

a 

5  to  8  persons. 

More  than  8 
persons  

9 

0 

•x 

\ 

I 

Mine  than  S 
person*  

District    IV  —  Continued. 

58 

6         1 

2 

1 

9 
1 

22 
9 

1 

15 



10 

Turkey                                              -»- 

1 

Unlt°d   States                        

117 

4 

8 

2 

..— 

33 

61 
5 
2 

8 
2 

1 
29 

Oth°r  nationalities                   

6 

5 

Totals             .  



107 

481 

11 
1 

1 

21 

9 
1 

2 

252 

52 

District  V. 

\ustria-Hungary        -  -  -_-  

British  Isles                 —    —  .    -    - 

13 

1 

1 

2 

2 

S 

1           3 

6 

.  1 

2 
1 

3 
3 

1 

1 
3 
1 

1 

9 

1 

Italy                                

5 

I 

60         1 
77        2 
38         1 
34    

2 
5 

1 

4 

8 

4 

9 

4 

38 

12 
22 
17 
38 
4 
2 

141 

S 
5 

M 

9 
8 
9 
8 
2 
3 

52 

2 
2 

25 

.... 

18 
3 

57 

4 
1 

Mexico                  -          -...  ...  

6 

4 

2 

Russia                 -  .  -    -- 

Turkey                 .-    

1 

3 
39 
2 
4 

67 

2 
4 

United   States 

118         1 
9  _ 

3   

6 
1 

3 



Other  nationalities      -    .  

14 

2 

Totals       — 

381         5 
17  '  — 

11 

4 

18 

22 

4 

District  VI. 
Austria-Hungary   .  

British  Isles                                   - 

13 

1 

China        -                       

Franc0             --       --  --  

3 

2 

1 
7 
1 
1 
2 
10 

Germany  _ 

Wl 

6 
3 

1 
3 
9 
3 

1 

5 

10 
31 
2 

2 
..... 

17 

Italy  .  

9 

Japan 

7 

1 

Jews          --•     .  .  

17 

1 

Mexico                        

81 

4 



2 

4         4 

Russia      ..    

5 

Turkey                      .  .       

1 

1 

United  States          

29 

1 

8 
9 

17 
11 

3 

Oth°r  nationaliti°s                         -- 

26 



3 
1 

No  report     -    -  - 

1 

Totals                 

231 

-.  —  i      4 

5 

6         4 

51 

1 
3 

VI 

3 

33 

31 

District  VII. 
Austria-Hungary   

4 

British  Isles  . 

4 

1 

China       

France  ...          

6 

1 
2 
1 

3 
9 

1 

2 

4 
3 

Germany            ._       _.___  

16 

1 



Italy                           .  __- 

5 

1 



Japan  

Jews     .          

32 

1 

9 

16 

ft 
31 

4 
3 
9 

1 

09 

Mexico      

107 

9 
3 

1 

5 

1 

15         2 
4         3 

9 
0 
3 
4 
10 

28 
23 
2 
4 
12 
1 

7 
8 

1 

Russia       .    .. 

48 

Turkey         —                 ..      

9 

| 

United  Stat°s         

16 
31 

1 

4 

Other  nationalities      ..  - 

1 

1 

No  report  

2 

Totals    . 

> 

20        5 

102 

280  .      2       13         1 

12 

49 

Id 

COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING. 


73 


TABLE   6 — Continued. 


Nationality 

' 

1  to  2  rooms 

3  rooms 

Mora  than  3 

r  .I)IM- 

No  report-  — 

I  to  2  persons- 

3  to  7  persons. 

Mum  than  7 
persona  

1  to  4  persons^ 

5  to  8  persons. 

More  than  8 

persons  

1  to  4  persons. 

,r>  to  8  persons. 

More  Uian  8  ' 
persons  i 

District  VIII. 

4 

2 
2 
1 

2 

1 
1 

2 

7 
1 
5 
36 

I 

1 
2 

~8 
20 

1 
2 
2 
2 
1 
3 
3 
1 
18 

^ 

1 

China                -  -  -  

R 



1 



France                   -  -™ 

B 

1 

4 

1 

Italy                                          .  

21 
^ 

2 

1 



2 
1 
11 

S 

4 
1 

22 
1 

1 

5 



108 
3 

2 

7 

Turkey         --    --       -  

..... 

1 
1 

44 

"ss 

ll 

"is' 

1 

14 
3 

Unit°d   States       --         

199 
18 
5 

6 
1 

30 

..... 

2 

2 

Total*                       -        

389 

1 

9 

41 



31 

17 

2 

m 

127 

47 

50 
1 

District  IX. 

1 

i 



2 

22 

1 





i 

Italv             .-          



1        1 
1    —  - 

2       \5 

2 

1 

1 

Mfxiro 

49 

1 

4 

2 

2 

7   

2 

17 

10 

4 

Turkev     —       

2 

2 

1 

~  u 

18 
2 

1 
1 

8 

1 

United  States         --      —  — 

4* 
3 

2 

2 



Xo  report 

1 

Totals       

129 
18 

4 

6 
1 

2 

4 

12 

20 

2 
2 

1 

52 

10 

1 
8 
2 

14 

1 

1 
7 

15 

4 
4 

13 

District  X. 

Austria-Hung'arv 

British   Isle« 

11 
44 

3 

1 
3 

1 

7 

1 

China       --       

1 

1 

3 

1 

Franc0       --          

Germany      ..    

20 

2 

1 

2 
3 
5 
2 
6 

9 
2 
7 
8 
13 
1 

1 
7 
1 
5 

1 

9 

1 
21 
2 
19 

Italv   

7 

•Tapan      -       

91 

9 

1 

1 

3 

2 

a 



Jews    

18 

Mexico       

61 

10 

1 

4 

6 

2 

Russia    .  

2    . 

Turkey  -  

2      -  - 

1 

1 
35 
2 

8 

118 

United  States                  

88 

8 

6 

8 
1 



4 

3 

1 



IS 

8 

11 
4 

Other  nationalities  

No  report  

14 

1 

2 

2 

1 

Totals    . 

360 
1 

10 

41 

3 

18 

•2-2 

2 

39 

70 
1 

99 

District  XI. 
Austria-Hungary   ... 

British  IsK*   ....    

2 

2 

China    

6 

I 

1 

4 
3 

France   

12 

2 

1 

-  —  - 

1 

3 
1 

2 

Germany   

1 

Italv    

63 

46 

1 

4 
19 

1 

3         1 
4          <? 

1 

n 

i 

15 

10 

3 
S 

24 

8 

Japan  .. 

74 


COMMUNITY    SURVEY    OF   LOS   ANGELES. 


TABLE  6— Concluded. 


Nationality 

Totals  

1  to  2  rooms 

3  rooms 

More  than  3 

moms 

.No  report  

5 
I 

3  to  7  persons. 

More  than  7 
persons  

1  to  4  persons-. 

V* 

8 

00 

1 

3 

More  than  8 
persons  

1  to  4  persons- 

5  to  8  persons. 

More  than  8 
persons  

District  XI—  Continued. 

244 
1 

11 

52         3 

10 

20 

20 

57 
1 

22 

49 

Russia                         -               

Turkey          --      13 

2  —     - 

2 

5 

1 
1 

1 

3 
1 

2 
2 

Unit°d  States                 -    -    

12 
8 
3 

1 
1 

3 

1          2 
1 

6 

Oth°r  nationalities             - 

1 

Totals               -    .-    

^ 

412 

14 

73 

5 

22 

34 

41 

97 

31 

94 

SUMMARY. 


Nationality 

Totals 

Per  cent 
1  to  2 
rooms. 
::  to  7 
persons 

Per  cent 
3  rooms, 
5  to8 
persons 

Austria-Hungary                     -                         

84 

7.4 

5.6 

British   Isles                                                         

122 

104 

2.8 

China                   ..                 --  - 

63 

16.6 

9.5 

Prance                  -           -  --    -    

77 

3 

6 

Germany                    .. 

101 

»8 

2.4 

Italy        -      

360 

2.7 

4. 

Japan                 ._                         _       ._       

125 

22.8 

18.4 

Jews            --    -    -    

472 

3.2 

3.6 

Mexico          --    -  --    

1,179 

17.1 

10.2 

Russia       .      . 

114 

2.6 

10.5 

Turkey       ...      ...    -  —  -    — 

73 

5 

6.6 

United  States         ..       ..  .. 

976 

10.8 

4.6 

Other  nationalities      

161 

4.9 

1.4 

No  report      --  

112 

19 

3.5 

Totals          --          .-    --  --    .-    - 

4,019 

10.8 

6.2 

It  is  difficult  in  a  table  to  bring  out  the  crowded  condition  in  so 
many  of  the  homes — houses  would  perhaps  be  the  better  word. 

From  this  computation  it  appears  that  the  number  of  houses  in 
which  there  are  from  3  to  7  persons  living-  in  1  or  2  rooms,  is  10.8  per 
cent,  and  5  to  8  persons  living  in  3  rooms  is  6.2  per  cent. 

There  were  numbers  of  instances  of— 

10  and  11  persons  living  in  31  rooms. 

6,  7,    8  and  10  persons  living  in  2  rooms. 

7,  8,  10  and  13  persons  living  in  1  room! 

The  tabulation  also  showed  that  about  one-third  go  to  church  and 
5  per  cent  attend  some  sort  of  clubs. 


44110    3-19    2M 


University  of  California 

?/»: ,;.,*•   SQUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 
'  f*^  V  C  ~  Cl^t.m:n  this  material  to  the  library 

*.;u    •  „/,  -'i-^'fVorn  which  it  was  borrowed. 


APR  19 1989 


DEC  1 8  1997 


'v 

SO 

REGIONAL  Li 


